Deep Learning for Real-time, Automatic, and Scanner-adapted Prostate (Zone) Segmentation of Transrectal Ultrasound, for Example, Magnetic Resonance Imaging–transrectal Ultrasound Fusion Prostate Biopsy

Abstract

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Automated multiparametric localization of prostate cancer based on B-mode, shear-wave elastography, and contrast-enhanced ultrasound radiomics

“…This might be due to the anatomic or physiological differences between zones; however, it could also be a result of less robust parameter estimation farther away from the probe (i.e., in the TZ), due to the increasing impact of attenuation and shadowing. This stresses the need for adequate zonal segmentation in the proposed framework, here obtained through deep learning [28,29]. The multiparametric score is shown to scale with tumor Gleason grade, with significant differences between benign, insignificant, and significant disease.…”

“…Firstly, the prostate is located and delineated in each modality. To this end, we employed an automated deep learning-based TRUS segmentation algorithm on the side-view fundamental B-mode images of both the SWE and DCE-US acquisition [28,29]. For DCE-US, the prostate position during wash-in (i.e., at 30 s) was used as a reference.…”

Synthetic Elastography Using B-Mode Ultrasound Through a Deep Fully Convolutional Neural Network

“…In our example of the prostate, quick estimation of elastic properties would eventually not only support the assessment of potential disease, but also registration technology that takes into account mechanical properties [28] and the (automatic) identification of anatomical zones [29]. Moreover, sSWE features can potentially play an important role in the design of ultrasound-based computer-aided detection approaches for prostate cancer [30].…”

Current status of deep learning applications in abdominal ultrasonography

“…Manual segmentation of the prostate on TRUS imaging is time-consuming and often not reproducible. For these reasons, several studies have applied deep learning to automatically segment the prostate using TRUS imaging [25][26][27][28][29][30][31].…”