“…Deep learning, as an effective machine learning algorithm, has been widely studied (LeCun, Bengio, & Hinton, ) and now attracts more attentions from various fields such as remote sensing (G. Cheng & Han, ), agriculture production (Kamilaris & Prenafeta‐Boldu, ), medical science (Shen, Wu, & Suk, ), robotics (Pierson & Gashler, ), healthcare (Miotto, Wang, Wang, Jiang, & Dudley, ), human action recognition (D. Wu, Sharma, & Blumenstein, ), speech recognition (Noda, Yamaguchi, Nakadai, Okuno, & Ogata, ), and so on. Deep learning has showed significant advantages in automatically learning data representations (even for multidomain feature extraction), transfer learning (Ng, Nguyen, Vonikakis, & Winkler, ), dealing with the large amount of data, and obtaining better performance and higher precision (Kamilaris & Prenafeta‐Boldu, ).…”