“…Despite ongoing efforts, current detection algorithms have yet to be proven effective in practice (Luca & Zervas, 2016;Reyes-Menendez et al, 2019). This is because NLG-based bots, which are often used in computational experiments, tend to produce largely consistent patterns when compared with human spammers who are more intuitive and less predictable (Leimkühler et al, 2021). Moreover, as fake reviewers grow in sophistication, it becomes harder to weed out phony entries algorithmically.…”