Deep Ocean Technology at JAMSTEC

Momma, H.

doi:10.4031/mtsj.33.4.6

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…A 4000 m-class deep-tow camera system of JAMSTEC (Monma, 2000) was used for extensive bottom observation at and around the TOTO Caldera. The system includes a super harp TV color camera, two still cameras (Benthos, 372A), a CTD (Seabird, SBE-9plus), and an SSBL (Super Short Baseline) acoustic transponder (OKI, SB-1017A) to know the system's correct position during its operation.…”

Section: Deep-tow Camera Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

Discovery of a new hydrothermal venting site in the southernmost Mariana Arc: Al-rich hydrothermal plumes and white smoker activity associated with biogenic methane

et al. 2004

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This paper reports a series of studies leading to the discovery of a submarine hydrothermal field (called Nakayama Field) at an arc seamount (12∞43¢ N, 143∞32¢ E) in the southernmost part of the Mariana Trough, western Pacific Ocean. We first detected hydrothermal plumes characterized by water column anomalies of temperature, light transmission, Mn, Fe, Al, O 2 , CH 4 , and d 13 C of CH 4 above the summit caldera of the seamount. Then deep-tow camera surveys confirmed the existence of hydrothermal activity inside the caldera, and an ROV dive finally discovered white smoker-type fluid venting associated with vent fauna. A high concentration of aluminum in the plume and white smoker-type emissions imply acidic hydrothermal activity similar to that observed at the DESMOS Caldera in the eastern Manus Basin, Papua New Guinea. Anomalously low d 13 C (CH 4 ) of -38‰ of a vent fluid sample compared to other arc hydrothermal systems along the IzuBonin and Mariana Arcs suggests an incorporation of biogenic methane based on a subsurface microbial ecosystem.

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Section: Deep-tow Camera Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

Discovery of a new hydrothermal venting site in the southernmost Mariana Arc: Al-rich hydrothermal plumes and white smoker activity associated with biogenic methane

et al. 2004

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“…Some of them are: (1) to take samples of the deposits, swimming creatures at a required location; (2) to take core samples by means of a mini-drill in areas of cobalt-rich crust; (3) to measure the temperature and take water samples at the center of an active hydrothermal vent or any designated target;…”

Section: Mission Design and Specificationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…No other equipment can bring scientists to extreme sea floor depths to do research in situ. Marine geology, seafloor geophysics, marine biology, and oceanic chemistry are the fields that scientists are particularly eager to study [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Chinese scientists have long dreamed of using their own submersible to probe the deep sea.…”

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confidence: 99%

China’s first deep manned submersible, JIAOLONG

Cui

2010

Sci. China Earth Sci.

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A deep manned submersible is indispensable to deep ocean exploration. No other equipment can bring scientists to extreme sea floor depths to do research in situ. Marine geology, seafloor geophysics, marine biology, and oceanic chemistry are the fields that scientists are particularly eager to study [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Chinese scientists have long dreamed of using their own submersible to probe the deep sea. China's recent fast development of a deep manned submersible has realized that dream.A project, "Development of a Manned Deep Submersible", now named JIAOLONG, was formally started in 2003. After different stages of conceptual design, preliminary design, detailed design, construction, assembly, and open water tank test, the sea trials were conducted at depth of 1000 m in 2009 and 3000 m in 2010. Mission, design and specificationsThe main mission of the submersible is to carry scientists, engineers and their various instruments to the rugged deep sea topography to perform tasks of oceanic geology, geophysics, biology, and chemistry in operational modes of constant height cruising above the sea bottom, hovering at a designated position in mid-water, or resting on the sea bottom.The submersible may conduct many kinds of tasks. Some of them are: (1) to take samples of the deposits, swimming creatures at a required location; (2) to take core samples by means of a mini-drill in areas of cobalt-rich crust; (3) to measure the temperature and take water samples at the center of an active hydrothermal vent or any designated target;(4) to make high resolution topographic and geomorphological maps with a bathymetric side-scan sonar, with the submersible tracing the topography and cruising at a constant height above the bottom; (5) to take pictures and make videos of specific targets, such as marine wrecks; and (6) to deploy or recover devices in a specific location or to inspect and maintain marine structures such as pipelines and cables.Main design considerations: (1) Cost effective principle: to obtain as much data and as many samples as possible and let as many scientists as possible participate in the deep dives.(2) Environmentally friendly principle: to cruise as quietly as possible in the water and to throw as less contaminated drops as possible to the seabed. (3) Convenient and easy to assemble and maintain principle. (4) Ergonomics principle: to provide a comprehensive solution to its operation and observation capabilities in a manner as relaxing as possible so as to minimize fatigue for the pilot and scientists during their long working hours in the submersible at great depths. (5) Sea states: to be able to launch under sea state 4 and recover under sea state 5.Many contributions were made by the Chinese engineers and scientists from all related fields in order to fulfill the mission, the tasks, and the design principles. The molded lines, resistance analysis, hydrodynamic layout, maneuverability, descending and ascending tests without power supply, etc. were carried out during different stages of the conceptual ...

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“…JAMSTECbeep Tow Sonar has been started to develop since late 1970s [ 3 ] , and it renewed in 1995. Maximum operating depth is 4500m.…”

Section: B Jamstec/deep Tow Sonarmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Remotely Operated Vehicle Dolphin 3K was built in 1986, which has maximum depth capability of 3300m [3]. It is mainly using pre-site surveys for the dive of the Shinkai 2000.…”

Section: Remotely Operated Vehicle Dolphin 3 Kmentioning

confidence: 99%

The application of ADCP to the measurement of current system at the hydrothermal active areas

Mitsuzawa¹

Proceedings of the IEEE/OES Seventh Working Conference on Current Measurement Technology, 2003.

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Direct current measurement in the hydrothermal area is one of the important factors to understand the hydrothermal system. The application of ADCP is known to an effective to measure the general understanding of the ocean current. The RDI Workhorse Sentinel 3OOkHz ADCP was tried to use attaching on the JAMSTEClDeep Tow Sonar System, the manned submersible Shinkai 2000 and deploying at the seafloor by ROV Dolphin 3K during a few scientific cruises at the hydrothermal active areas in the Western Pacific. The JAMSTECiDeep Tow Sonar was carried out to survey for precise topographic at the hydrothermal area in the Southern Mariana Trough in January 2000. During the survey cruise, the ADCP was attached on the sonar with down looking. It was towed about 80-120m ahove the seafloor as a speed of less lkts. According to the observation, acoustic backscattering was too weak to measure over 30m ranges; in addition vertical component was difficult to measure depending on the heaving effect from the ship. It is necessary to reduce the heaving motion at the fish such as using sub-fish system that is separated from main-fish via a secondary cable. In the hydrothermal area of the Mid Okinawa Trough, which is known as several active hydrothermal areas with huge chimneys which height about 30m as temperature of over 23OoC, the current measurement by ADCP was carried out using the Shinkai 2000 in June 2000. ADCP was mounted down looking on the Shinkai 2000 as a payload. The Shinkai 2000 was operated with 0.3-0.5kts keeping its depths from 870111 to 900111. During this observation, it was obtained the current profile as about loom range. It was measured about 10-20cmlsec upward current in the hydrothermal active area. In the same area, ADCP was deployed for 23 hours as up looking at beside of the hydrothermal chimney. It was settled and recovered by the ROV Dolphin 3K in June 2000. Current measurement condition was changed about every 6 hours; in a half period of the observation, acoustic backscattering signal is too weak to measure over 30m range. This change was considered to cause by the tide. The water column of hydrothermal fluid contains enough particles for acoustic backscattering; however the standard deep water of this area is t w clear fo obtain the enough acoustic backscaftering. During measurable period, upward current was measured as its maximum current meed as over 20cmlsec.

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Deep Ocean Technology at JAMSTEC

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

Discovery of a new hydrothermal venting site in the southernmost Mariana Arc: Al-rich hydrothermal plumes and white smoker activity associated with biogenic methane

Discovery of a new hydrothermal venting site in the southernmost Mariana Arc: Al-rich hydrothermal plumes and white smoker activity associated with biogenic methane

China’s first deep manned submersible, JIAOLONG

The application of ADCP to the measurement of current system at the hydrothermal active areas

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