“…By referring to the Powder Diffraction Files (PDFs) of the Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards (JCPDS), it was found that the characteristic peaks of all Co 3 O 4 catalysts were in accordance with those of cobalt oxide (JCPDS PDF# 42-1467) with a typical spinel crystal structure, and no reflection signal assignable to CoO or other phases was observed. The diffraction peaks at 2θ = 19.5, 31.6, 37.0, 39.0, 45.0, 56.3, 59.5, 65.5, and 77.9°corresponded to the crystalline planes of (111), (220), (311), (222), (400), (422), (511), (440), and (128), respectively, which was consistent with the results previously reported by other researchers [11,[38][39][40][41][42]. These findings indicated that the acid treatment caused no obvious changes in the crystal structure of the Co 3 O 4 catalyst.…”