“…In addition, HDS is usually carried out under harsh conditions such as high temperature, high pressure, and high operating cost. Under such circumstances, several non-HDS methods have been explored, e.g., extraction [6,7], adsorption [8,9], oxidation [10][11][12][13][14][15][16], biodesulfurization [17], and electrochemical technology [18]. Among them, oxidative desulfurization (ODS) is considered to be one of the promising techniques for deep desulfurization of fuel, which generally takes place under mild conditions.…”