Deep oxidative desulfurization of gas oil based on sandwich-type polysilicotungstate supported β-cyclodextrin composite as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst

Synthesis of new nanocomposite based on ceramic and heteropolymolybdate using leaf extract of Aloe vera as a high‐performance nanocatalyst to desulfurization of real fuel

“…In Table 3, in order to demonstrate the excellent catalytic performance of the as‐prepared PMo 12 O 40 @MnFe 2 O 4 nanocomposite, it is compared with the other types of catalysts including commercially available PMTs with the same reaction conditions stated in the experimental section. [ 34,44–46 ] Accordingly, between different types of mentioned compounds, heterogeneous supported PMT nanocatalysts showed more desirable results, and also Keggin‐type PMT catalysts perform more efficiently than the others. Hence, the PMo 12 O 40 @MnFe 2 O 4 nanocomposite with superior and competitive results (98%) is preferred for the CODS process.…”

“…[ 48 ] Furthermore, PMT‐based nanocatalysts like PMo 12 O 40 @MnFe 2 O 4 with high oxidation state and Lewis acid sites are good candidates to help the reaction pathway by producing per‐oxo‐metallic intermediates. [ 44,49 ] The presence of acetic acid in an oxidation system is beneficial as it can boost the highly reactive H 2 O 2 role. In that way, with the conditions discussed in the experimental section, the unstable and reactive H 2 O 2 molecules react with acetic acid molecules, which therefore leave the per‐acetic acid (CH 3 COOOH) moieties.…”

Heteroatom Bridging Strategy in Carbon-Based Catalysts for Enhanced Oxidative Desulfurization Performance

“…It is widely known that HDS is an effective approach to mercaptans, thiophene, and so on. , However, for aromatic sulfur compounds, especially benzothiophene (BT) and its derivatives (such as dibenzothiophene (DBT), alkyl-substitute DBTs, and so on), harsher reaction conditions are always required such as higher operating temperatures, higher reaction pressures, etc. Under this circumstance, oxidative desulfurization (ODS), as a substitute to HDS, has emerged, which is highly reactive to aromatic sulfur compounds, especially DBT and its derivatives, under mild reaction conditions. − In the ODS process, the aromatic sulfur compounds are generally oxidized to their corresponding sulfones with higher polarity, which can be easily precipitated from the fuel oil for separation. − The ODS strategy has been regarded as an ideal postprocessing strategy for the desulfurization of HDS fuel oils …”

Synthesis of (Gly) 3 PMo 12 O 40 @ MnFe 2 O 4 organic/inorganic hybrid nanocomposite as an efficient and magnetically recoverable catalyst for oxidative desulfurization of liquid fuels

“…Few of the mentioned methods are efficient for deep or ultra‐deep desulfurization due to the refractory nature of some of the sulfur compounds such as thiophenes and their benzologs. Catalytic oxidative desulfurization (Cat‐ODS) is one of the most promising approaches with the best chance of removing these compounds 14‐16 . The conspicuous benefit of the Cat‐ODS process in terms of practicability and efficiency are high, does not need to be operated in hard situations, and requires low investment costs in comparison with the traditional HDS treatment 17 .…”