Deep-planes lift associated with free flap surgery for facial reanimation

Facial reanimations: part II—long-standing paralyses

“…5,6 Several forms of suspension have been proved to be effective, fascia lata grafts being the most popular. The use of alloplastic materials is not advisable, because the outcomes are unstable and the infection rates high.…”

Facial movement before and after masseteric-facial nerves anastomosis: A three-dimensional optoelectronic pilot study

“…Because of this, a large number of surgical techniques have been devised to reanimate the paralytic patients early by anastomosing the facial nerve to a donor nerve (Ballance et al, 1903;Körte and Bernhardt, 1903;Smith, 1971;Scaramella and Tobias, 1973;Terzis, 1990;Biglioli et al, 2010Biglioli et al, , 2011. In 1978, Spira first reported the use of the masseteric nerve as a new axonal source for the cervicofacial branch of the impaired facial nerve, and this has been used to reanimate both recent and long-standing facial paralysis (Zuker et al, 2000;Coombs et al, 2009).…”

Refinements in nasolabial fold reconstruction for facial paralysis

“…The elderly, those with significant comorbid conditions or poor prognosis, or patients with atherosclerotic disease are typically poor candidates. Moreover, in patients who do undergo free tissue transfer, the effaced nasolabial fold is sometimes inadequately addressed unless performed concurrently with deep‐plane facelift . Thus, static techniques are often the only available treatments for restoration of the NLF …”