“…The deep RL approach reduced CPU times remarkably for the high volatile medical mask production in times of Covid-19. Besides mask production, deep RL demonstrated superior performances in batch processing which reduced tardiness for repair scheduling operations (Palombarini and Martinez 2018;Palombarini and Martínez 2019), in chemical scheduling to increase profitability and deal with fluctuating prices, shifting demands, and stoppages (Hubbs et al 2020), and in paint job scheduling to minimise costs of colour changeovers within the automotive industry (Leng et al 2020). Discipline-specific scheduling objectives were addressed by Lee, Cho, and Lee (2020), who increased sustainability and minimised tardiness in injection mold scheduling, or by Xie, Zhang, and Rose (2019) who reduced total throughput time and lateness in singlemachine processes.…”