Deep-Sea Suprabenthic Communities: The Forgotten Biodiversity

Frutos, Inmaculada; Brandt, Angelika; Sorbe, Jean Claude

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-21012-4_21

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…Amphipoda are not only a species-rich group, but they also often dominate the crustacean assemblages in which they occur ( e.g. , Corkum, 1989 ; Humphries, Davies & Mulcahy, 1996 ; Vinogradov, Volkov & Semenova, 1996 ; Jazdzewski et al, 2001 ; Väinölä et al, 2008 ; Frutos, Brandt & Sorbe, 2017 ; Brix et al, 2018 ; Havermans & Smetacek, 2018 ). They can be found in both the benthos and the pelagic realm, presenting a variety of states of mobility (from epibenthic clingers to fully mobile swimmers) and, as a result, possess a wide variety of feeding habits including herbivory, detritivory, necrophagy, omnivory, predation and ectoparasitism ( Barnard & Karaman, 1991 ; Vinogradov, Volkov & Semenova, 1996 ; Dauby, Scailteur & De Broyer, 2001 ; Väinölä et al, 2008 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global gap-analysis of amphipod barcode library

Jażdżewska

Tandberg

Horton

et al. 2021

PeerJ

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In the age of global climate change and biodiversity loss there is an urgent need to provide effective and robust tools for diversity monitoring. One of the promising techniques for species identification is the use of DNA barcoding, that in Metazoa utilizes the so called ‘gold-standard’ gene of cytochrome c oxidase (COI). However, the success of this method relies on the existence of trustworthy barcode libraries of the species. The Barcode of Life Data System (BOLD) aims to provide barcodes for all existing organisms, and is complemented by the Barcode Index Number (BIN) system serving as a tool for potential species recognition. Here we provide an analysis of all public COI sequences available in BOLD of the diverse and ubiquitous crustacean order Amphipoda, to identify the barcode library gaps and provide recommendations for future barcoding studies. Our gap analysis of 25,702 records has shown that although 3,835 BINs (indicating putative species) were recognised by BOLD, only 10% of known amphipod species are represented by barcodes. We have identified almost equal contribution of both records (sequences) and BINs associated with freshwater and with marine realms. Three quarters of records have a complete species-level identification provided, while BINs have just 50%. Large disproportions between identification levels of BINs coming from freshwaters and the marine environment were observed, with three quarters of the former possessing a species name, and less than 40% for the latter. Moreover, the majority of BINs are represented by a very low number of sequences rendering them unreliable according to the quality control system. The geographical coverage is poor with vast areas of Africa, South America and the open ocean acting as “white gaps”. Several, of the most species rich and highly abundant families of Amphipoda (e.g., Phoxocephalidae, Ampeliscidae, Caprellidae), have very poor representation in the BOLD barcode library. As a result of our study we recommend stronger effort in identification of already recognised BINs, prioritising the studies of families that are known to be important and abundant components of particular communities, and targeted sampling programs for taxa coming from geographical regions with the least knowledge.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global gap-analysis of amphipod barcode library

Jażdżewska

Tandberg

Horton

et al. 2021

PeerJ

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“…Isopods (suprabenthos) were collected with a Macer-GIROQ suprabenthic sledge in the sediment-water interface (0 ˗ 1.5 m above the bottom, see Cartes et al, 2003;Frutos et al, 2018) in hauls taken over 134-2159 m. The sampling, trying to cover different bottom features (within canyons, adjacent slopes, insular slopes) followed rather the structure of perpendicular transects (e.g. between the coasts off Barcelona and the N of Mallorca).…”

Section: Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The water-sediment interface, defined as the Benthic Boundary Layer (BBL), is still one of the least known marine compartments regarding its faunal composition and functioning (Frutos et al, 2018). It extends a few tens of meters into the water column immediately overlying the sea bed, and it is, especially at great depths, a difficult zone to sample properly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep sea isopods from the western Mediterranean: Distribution and habitat

Cartes

Figueroa

2020

Progress in Oceanography

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Isopods are a highly diversified group of deep-sea fauna, with a wide variety of shapes which must reflect a similar great variety of adaptations to the deep environments. The deep Mediterranean, however, has a low diversity of isopods related to its oligotrophy, the thermal stability of deep-water masses (~12.8 °C below 150 ˗ 200 m) and rather homogeneous geomorphology. The main factor defining isopod habitats in the Balearic Basin is insularity vs mainland influence. Desmosomatidae and Ischnomesidae, examples of epibenthic species (with lack of paddle-shaped legs and non/low-natatory capacity) are mainly linked to mainland areas with higher % organic matter (OM) and labile C, indicating food availability. By contrast, suprabenthic species like Munnopsidae (with some paddle-shaped, natatory, legs) are more dominant in insular areas. Compared with the Atlantic, the degree of impoverishment in diversity (number of species, S) of deep-Mediterranean asellotes is higher among epibenthos (with a lot of families/genera absent in the deep Mediterranean) than for suprabenthic species, with potential natatory capacity (natatory legs). This suggests that the high diversity of deep sea asellotes may depend on the trophic niches (sediment richness and diversity of habitats) available. In the 20 yrs period (1991-2011) of our (non-continuous) sampling series we identified some climatic influence (higher ENSO index) on the high densities reported in 1991-1992 samples, related to species taken at submarine canyons in mainland areas. Higher food availability (by advection) in canyons during 1991 and 1992 related with an increase of rainfall regime may enhance recruitment (e.g. in March 1992 inside canyons) and abundance/diversity of asellotes, especially for epibenthic species (Desmosomatidae).

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“…Besides extant species, they have occurrences in the fossil record, including deep-sea areas (Secretan and Riou, 1986;Selden et al, 2016;San Vicente and Cartanyà, 2017;Luque and Gerken, 2019). Spanning different size classes, from meio-to megafauna, the highest diversity of peracarids is likely to be found within the macrofauna, where they represent one of the most diverse groups in the deep sea (Hessler and Jumars, 1974;Sanders et al, 1985;Frutos et al, 2017a;Brandt et al, 2019;Washburn et al, 2021). Peracarids are the main component of suprabenthos, which includes all swimming bottom-dependent animals performing, with varying amplitude, intensity, and regularity, seasonal or daily vertical migrations above the seafloor (Brunel et al, 1978;Frutos et al, 2017a;Ashford et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spanning different size classes, from meio-to megafauna, the highest diversity of peracarids is likely to be found within the macrofauna, where they represent one of the most diverse groups in the deep sea (Hessler and Jumars, 1974;Sanders et al, 1985;Frutos et al, 2017a;Brandt et al, 2019;Washburn et al, 2021). Peracarids are the main component of suprabenthos, which includes all swimming bottom-dependent animals performing, with varying amplitude, intensity, and regularity, seasonal or daily vertical migrations above the seafloor (Brunel et al, 1978;Frutos et al, 2017a;Ashford et al, 2018). Most species of deep-sea peracarids are benthic, with tanaidaceans and some isopod taxa living mostly infaunally, whilst many amphipods, isopods and cumaceans are known as good swimmers (Błazėwicz-Paszkowycz et al, 2012;Poore and Bruce, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges and Advances in the Taxonomy of Deep-Sea Peracarida: From Traditional to Modern Methods

Frutos

Kaiser²,

Pułaski³

et al. 2022

Front. Mar. Sci.

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As one of the oldest branches of biology, taxonomy deals with the identification, classification and naming of living organisms, using a variety of tools to explore traits at the morphological and molecular level. In the deep sea, particular challenges are posed to the taxonomic differentiation of species. Relatively limited sampling effort coupled with apparent high diversity, compared to many other marine environments, means that many species sampled are undescribed, and few specimens are available for each putative species. The resulting scarce knowledge of intraspecific variation makes it difficult to recognize species boundaries and thus to assess the actual diversity and distribution of species. In this review article, we highlight some of these challenges in deep-sea taxonomy using the example of peracarid crustaceans. Specifically, we offer a detailed overview of traditional as well as modern methods that are used in the taxonomic analysis of deep-sea Peracarida. Furthermore, methods are presented that have not yet been used in peracarid taxonomy, but have potential for the analysis of internal and external structures in the future. The focus of this compilation is on morphological methods for the identification, delimitation and description of species, with references to molecular analysis included where relevant, as these methods are an indispensable part of an integrative taxonomic approach. The taxonomic impediment, i.e. the shortage of taxonomists in view of a high undescribed biodiversity, is discussed in the context of the existing large taxonomic knowledge gaps in connection with the increasing threat to deep-sea ecosystems. Whilst peracarid crustaceans are used here as an exemplary taxon, the methodology described has broad relevance to many other deep-sea taxa, and thus will support broader research into deep-sea biodiversity and ecology more widely.

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Deep-Sea Suprabenthic Communities: The Forgotten Biodiversity

Cited by 16 publications

References 96 publications

Global gap-analysis of amphipod barcode library

Global gap-analysis of amphipod barcode library

Deep sea isopods from the western Mediterranean: Distribution and habitat

Challenges and Advances in the Taxonomy of Deep-Sea Peracarida: From Traditional to Modern Methods

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