Deep sea tests of a prototype of the KM3NeT digital optical module

Adrián-Martínez, S.; Ageron, M.; Aharonian, F.; Aiello, S.; Albert, A.; Ameli, F.; Anassontzis, E.G.; Anghinolfi, M.; Anton, G.; Anvar, S.; Ardid, M.; Asmundis, R. de; Balasi, K. G.; Barbarino, G. C.; Barbarito, E.; Barbato, Felicia; Baret, B.; Baron, S.; Belias, A.; Berbee, E.; Berg, A. M. van den; Berkien, A.; Bertín, V.; Beurthey, S.; Beveren, V. van; Beverini, N.; Biagi, S.; Bianucci, S.; Billault, M.; Birbas, Alexios; Rookhuizen, H. Boer; Bormuth, R.; Bouchè, V.; Bouhadef, B.; Bourlis, G.; Bouwhuis, M. C.; Bozza, C.; Bruijn, R.; Brünner, J.; Cacopardo, G.; Caillat, L.; Calamai, M.; Calvo, D.; Capone, A.; Caramete, L.; Caruso, Francesco; Cecchini, S.; Ceres, A.; Cereseto, R.; Champion, C.; Château, F.; Chiarusi, T.; Christopoulou, B.; Circella, M.; Classen, L.; Cocimano, R.; Colonges, S.; Coniglione, R.; Cosquer, A.; Costa, M.; Coyle, P.; Creusot, A.; Curtil, C.; Cuttone, G.; D’Amato, Claudio; D’Amico, Antonio; Bonis, G. De; Rosa, G. De; Deniskina, N.; Destelle, J.-J.; Distefano, C.; Donzaud, C.; Dornic, D.; Dorosti-Hasankiadeh, Q.; Drakopoulou, E.; Drouhin, D.; Drury, L. O’c.; Durand, Dominique; Eberl, T.; Eleftheriadis, C.; Elsäesser, D.; Enzenhöfer, A.; Fermani, P.; Fusco, L.; Gajana, D.; Gal, T.; Galatà, S.; Gallo, F.; Garufi, F.; Gebyehu, M.; Giordano, V.; Gizani, Nectaria; Ruiz, R. Gracia; Graf, Κ.; Grasso, Rosaria; Grella, G.; Grmek, A.; Habel, R.; Haren, Hans van; Heid, T.; Heijboer, A.; Heine, E.; Henry, S.; Hernández-Rey, J. J.; Herold, B.; Hevinga, M.; Hoek, M. van der; Hofestädt, J.; Hogenbirk, J.; Hugon, C.; Hößl, J.; Imbesi, M.; James, C. W.; Jansweijer, P.; Jochum, J.; Jong, M. de; Kadler, M.; Kalekin, O.; Kappes, A.; Kappos, E.; Katz, U.; Kavatsyuk, O.; Keller, P.; Kieft, G.; Koffeman, E.; Kok, H.; Kooijman, P.; Koopstra, J.; Korporaal, A.; Kouchner, A.; Koutsoukos, S.; Kreykenbohm, I.; Kulikovskiy, V.; Lahmann, R.; Lamare, P.; Larosa, G.; Lattuada, D.; Provost, H. Le; Leisos, A.; Lenis, D.; Leonora, E.; Clark, M. Lindsey; Liolios, A.; Alvarez, C. D. Llorens; Löhner, H.; Presti, D. Lo; Louis, F.; Maccioni, Enrico; Mannheim, K.; Manolopoulos, K.; Margiotta, A.; Mariş, O.; Markou, C.; Martínez-Mora, J. A.; Martini, A.; Masullo, R.; Michael, T.; Migliozzi, P.; Migneco, E.; Miraglia, A.; Mollo, C.M.; Mongelli, M.; Morganti, M.; Mos, S.; Moudden, Y.; Musico, P.; Musumeci, M.; Nicolaou, C.; Nicolau, C. A.; Orlando, A.; Orzelli, A.; Papageorgiou, K.; Papaikonomou, A.; Papaleo, R.; Păvălaş, G. E.; Peek, H.; Pellegrino, C.; Pellegriti, M. G.; Perrina, C.; Petridou, C.; Piattelli, P.; Pikounis, K.; Popa, V.; Pradier, T.; Priede, Imants George; Pühlhofer, G.; Pulvirenti, S.; Racca, C.; Raffaelli, F.; Randazzo, N.; Rapidis, P. A.; Razis, P. A.; Real, D.; Resvanis, L. K.; Reubelt, J.; Riccobene, G.; Rovelli, A.; Royon, Jérôme; Saldaña, M.; Samtleben, D. F. E.; Sanguineti, M.; Santangelo, A.; Sapienza, P.; Savvidis, I.; Schmelling, Jan-Willem; Schnabel, J.; Sedita, M.; Seitz, T.; Sgura, I.; Simeone, F.; Siotis, I.; Sipala, V.; Solazzo, M.; Spitaleri, A.; Spurio, M.; Stavropoulos, G.; Steijger, J. J. M.; Stolarczyk, T.; Stransky, D.; Taiuti, M.; Terreni, G.; Tézier, D.; Theraube, Stephane; Thompson, L. F.; Timmer, P.; Trapierakis, H. I.; Trasatti, L.; Trovato, A.; Tselengidou, M.; Tsirigotis, A.; Tzamarias, S.; Tzamariudaki, E.; Vallage, B.; Elewyck, V. Van; Vermeulen, J. C.; Vernin, P.; Viola, S.; Vivolo, D.; Werneke, P.; Wiggers, L.; Wilms, J.; Wolf, E. de; Wooning, R. H. L. van; Yatkin, K.; Zachariadou, K.; Zonca, E.; Zornoza, J.D.; Zúñiga, J.; Zwart, A.

doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-014-3056-3

Cited by 71 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The procedure to obtain the time offsets between PMTs in one DOM from the signal time coincidences follows the approach described in Ref. [9]. The distributions of time differences between signals detected in different PMTs in the same DOM are studied as a function of the angular separation of the PMTs involved.…”

Section: Intra-dom Calibrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A prototype DOM (Pre Production Model DOM, PPM-DOM) was deployed in April 2013 at the ANTARES site, 40 km offshore the French coast close to Toulon, attached to one ANTARES line [9]. This project has validated the DOM concept and technology demonstrating the capability of a single DOM to identify muons using time coincidences between PMTs inside one DOM.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The prototype detection unit of the KM3NeT detector

et al. 2016

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A prototype detection unit of the KM3NeT deepsea neutrino telescope has been installed at 3500m depth 80 km offshore the Italian coast. KM3NeT in its final configuration will contain several hundreds of detection units. Each detection unit is a mechanical structure anchored to the sea floor, held vertical by a submerged buoy and supporting optical modules for the detection of Cherenkov light emitted by charged secondary particles emerging from neutrino interactions. This prototype string implements three optical modules with 31 photomultiplier tubes each. These optical modules were developed by the KM3NeT Collaboration to enhance the detection capability of neutrino interactions. The prototype detection unit was operated since its deployment in May 2014 until its decommissioning in July 2015. Reconstruction of the particle trajectories from the data requiresThe research leading to these results has received funding from the European Community Sixth Framework Programme under Contract 011937 and the Seventh Framework Programme under Grant Agreement 212525. a e-mail: simone.biagi@bo.infn.it b e-mail: creusot@apc.in2p3.fr c e-mail: dosamt@nikhef.nl d Also at Accademia Navale di Livorno, Livorno, Italy a nanosecond accuracy in the time calibration. A procedure for relative time calibration of the photomultiplier tubes contained in each optical module is described. This procedure is based on the measured coincidences produced in the sea by the 40 K background light and can easily be expanded to a detector with several thousands of optical modules. The time offsets between the different optical modules are obtained using LED nanobeacons mounted inside them. A set of data corresponding to 600 h of livetime was analysed. The results show good agreement with Monte Carlo simulations of the expected optical background and the signal from atmospheric muons. An almost background-free sample of muons was selected by filtering the time correlated signals on all the three optical modules. The zenith angle of the selected muons was reconstructed with a precision of about 3 • .

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Section: Intra-dom Calibrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The prototype detection unit of the KM3NeT detector

et al. 2016

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“…A prototyping program has validated the DOM design and proven its physics potential [20] and [21]. Results from the prototypes have demonstrated the photon counting, background rejection capabilities and direction sensitivity of single multi-PMT DOMs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

The KM3NeT Multi-PMT Digital Optical Module

Bruijn¹,

Eijk²

2016

Proceedings of the 34th International Cosmic Ray Conference — PoS(ICRC2015)

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The KM3NeT collaboration is currently constructing the first phase of a cubic kilometer-scale neutrino detector in the Mediterranean Sea. The basic detection element, the Digital Optical Module (DOM), houses 31 three-inch photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) inside a 432 mm glass sphere. This multi-PMT concept increases the photocathode area by a factor of three compared to a design with a single 10 inch PMT, leading to a significant cost reduction. Moreover, this concept allows for an accurate measurement of the light intensity (photon counting) and offers directional information with an almost isotropic field of view. We will discuss these aspects and the enabling technologies, which include 3D-printed PMT support structures, and custom low-powered PMT bases, which provide the HV and digitization of the analog signal. An FPGA-based readout system transfers all sub-nanosecond timestamped photon signals to shore via optical fibres. The DOM design has been validated and its physics potential has been proven in the operation of prototypes deployed in the French and Italian detector sites at 2500 m and 3500 m depth respectively.

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“…The 19 downward and 12 upward looking photo-sensors, and the readout electronics are hosted within pressure resistant glass spheres, so called Digital Optical Modules (DOMs, Fig. 1, left, [14]). The DOMs are distributed in three dimensional space along flexible strings, one end of which is fixed to the sea floor and the other end is held close to vertical by a buoy.…”

Section: The Orca Detector and Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orca

Eberl¹

2016

Proceedings of XVI International Workshop on Neutrino Telescopes — PoS(NEUTEL2015)

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The neutrino mass hierarchy can be experimentally determined by a precision measurement of the zenith angle and energy dependent oscillation probabilities of GeV-scale atmospheric electron and muon neutrinos that have traversed the Earth. ORCA (Oscillation Research with Cosmics in the Abyss) is a planned megaton-size water-Cherenkov neutrino detector in the Mediterranean Sea that will employ the deep-sea technology developed for the KM3NeT project to perform this measurement. The key elements of the proposed detector design are outlined and the current status of the ongoing simulation studies is presented. It is shown that the properties of the deep sea water allow for good direction and energy resolutions in both contributing reaction channels, the charged-current interactions of electron and muon neutrinos on the nucleon. The preliminary sensitivity is calculated using detailed detector response functions, but taking into account only a limited number of systematics, and indicates that a median significance of 3σ can be reached with about 3 years of data taking.

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Deep sea tests of a prototype of the KM3NeT digital optical module

Cited by 71 publications

References 22 publications

The prototype detection unit of the KM3NeT detector

The prototype detection unit of the KM3NeT detector

The KM3NeT Multi-PMT Digital Optical Module

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