A dual-channel bioaerosol monitoring device based on intrinsic fluorescence measurement was built, and biological particle species and concentration were taken as variables to study the detection limits and alarm response time of aerosol particles of different biological warfare agents under the conditions of the same temperature and humidity and different concentrations. The alarm threshold of aerosol particles of different biological warfare agents under different temperature and humidity conditions and the detection ability under the interference of pollen and different disturbers were studied to form preliminary performance indicators and certain evaluation indicators and methods for the biological aerosol monitoring device, so as to demonstrate and evaluate similar aerosol detection in the future. The results showed that for the selected single and mixed strains of bacteria, the results obtained by culture method had a strong linear relationship with the results measured by counter, R2 values were also maintained above 0.88, although the ratio of β=β (culture counting/biological particle counter) of different bacteria was different, but the overall was indeed similar. At last, the anti-interference ability test is carried out, and it is found that it is very sensitive to the selected common disturbers. In general, it shows that the device has high sensitivity, strong accuracy, fast detection time, but weak anti-interference ability.