Deep venous thrombosis of lower limbs in adolescents: a study in a tertiary hospital

Abstract

BackgroundVenous thromboembolism (VTE) – which includes deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) – has been increasingly recognized in the pediatric population. The estimated incidence is 0.07–0.14 cases per 10,000 children. Most cases are associated with two or more risk factors. Medium and long-term complications include recurrence and post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS).ObjectiveTo characterize the adolescent population with the diagnosis of DVT of lower limbs in a tertiary hospital, regarding its clinical presentation, associated risk factors, treatment and outcome.MethodsRetrospective analysis of adolescents with the diagnosis of DVT of lower limbs in our hospital for a period of 7 years.ResultsEight patients were identified; seven were females; median age was 15 years. The main symptoms were local pain and edema. Left lower limb was affected in six patients. PE occurred in two cases. Positive family history of venous thromboembolism was found in five patients. Seven patients had at least two identifiable risk factors. Combined oral contraceptive pill use was the most common (seven patients). Factor V Leiden mutation was found in three patients and protein C deficiency in one. Iliac vein compression syndrome was diagnosed in one patient. The median time for discharge was 8 days. Election treatment was enoxaparin followed by warfarin, for a median period of 10.9 months. Three patients developed PTS.ConclusionsAlthough uncommon, VTE is an emerging reality in adolescents, particularly in females using oral contraceptive pills. Appropriated prevention strategies and treatment are required as most orientations are extrapolated from adults.

The significance of coagulation and fibrinolysis-related parameters in predicting postoperative venous thrombosis in patients with breast cancer

“…A study has shown that the annual incidence of DVT in cancer patients is much higher than that in healthy people (4). DVT mostly occurs in the lower extremities, especially the lower legs (5). It has been found that the destruction of the homeostatic equilibrium of the coagulation and fibrinolytic systems, caused by vascular endothelial injury and increased inflammatory response, can easily lead to DVT (6).…”

Knowledge of the Risk Factors and Prevention of Deep Vein Thromboembolism Among Adults Attending Federal Medical Centre, Asaba, Delta State

“…Several risk factors, both inherited and acquired, have been examined and linked to venous thrombotic events, and their discovery can help improve diagnostic methods and, more critically, thrombotic event prevention. Deep vein thromboembolism does not have a gender preference, but men seem to be more likely to have recurring incidences and the risk rises as people get older, partly due to an increase in the prevalence of medical disorders and other risk factors in the aged population (Faria, Antunes, H., Pontes, Antunes, A., Martins & Carvalho 2019). Both smoking and obesity have been linked to an increased risk of deep vein thromboembolism.…”