Deep-water formation variability in the north-western Mediterranean Sea during the last 2500 yr: A proxy validation with present-day data

Cisneros, Mercè Bermejo; Cacho, Isabel; Frigola, Jaime; Sánchez-Vidal, Anna; Calafat, Antoni; Pedrosa-Pàmies, Rut; Rumín-Caparrós, Aitor; Canals, Miquel

doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2019.03.012

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Cascading events have been related to an increase in A. antennatus recruitment inside the North-western Mediterranean submarine canyons in the following years after a cascading event 51 , including Blanes canyon 52 . Nevertheless, this could be ruled out not only because the last cascading event (2012-2013) was some years before our collections 53,54 , but also because it did not have a significant effect in the Blanes canyon 55 . Additionally, the anthropogenic effects on submarine canyons have been deeply discussed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Genetic analyses reveal temporal stability and connectivity pattern in blue and red shrimp Aristeus antennatus populations

Agulló

Heras

García‐Marín

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Temporal variability of the genetic structure and connectivity patterns of the blue and red shrimp Aristeus antennatus in the seven most important fishing grounds of the Western Mediterranean Sea, were assessed using twelve microsatellite loci during 2 consecutive years (2016 and 2017), in a total of 1403 adult individuals. A high level of geographical connectivity among groups was observed in the two studied years. In fact, no significant geographical differentiation was found in 2016 (FST = 0.0018, p > 0.05), whereas it was indicated in 2017 (FST = 0.0025, p < 0.05). This small divergence in 2017 was not attributed to the distance among locations nor to the effect of the Ibiza Channel. Significant allele frequency changes were found at local level between the 2 years (FCT = 0.0006, p < 0.05), mainly due to Blanes’ fishing ground. Larval dispersal from the North to the South through the main superficial current supports the high level of connectivity pattern found. The temporal genetic instability detected in the Blanes’ fishing ground could be explained by oceanographic temporary features. Our findings evidence only one biological unit in the study region and establish the baseline for an inter-federal management plan of A. antennatus.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Genetic analyses reveal temporal stability and connectivity pattern in blue and red shrimp Aristeus antennatus populations

Agulló

Heras

García‐Marín

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…Maybe the most striking result regarding the mean overturning circulation is that, under the reference period, deep water formation in the western basin appears to be stronger and deeper than that during the SBF experiment. This result requires further investigation; however, this paradox has been also pointed out by Cisneros et al (2019), who, combining oceanographic mooring measurements and sediment cores from the western Mediterranean, argue that the strongest dense-water formation events do not coincide with the coldest winters over the region. Investigation of this result is beyond the scope of this study; however, it is a very intriguing finding.…”

Section: Comparing the Three Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Investigation of the Inherent Variability of the Mediterranean Sea Under Contrasting Extreme Climatic Conditions

et al. 2021

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The internal variability of the thermohaline circulation of the Mediterranean Sea is examined under contrasting extreme thermal and mass atmospheric forcing conditions. Three millennium-long numerical simulation experiments were performed under: (a) the current climatology, (b) a strong buoyancy forcing (SBF) scenario due to cold and dry conditions resembling the Younger Dryas event, and (c) a weak buoyancy forcing (WBF) scenario due to S1a sapropel deposition-like conditions (warm and wet). To isolate the inherent variability of the system, independent of interannual atmospheric forcing variability, the latter was defined as a perpetual year pertinent to each experiment. Self-diagnosed heat and salt fluxes, consistent to sea-surface characteristics of the above periods, forced three millenium-long, relaxation-free numerical experiments. These simulations were preceded by initial spin-up periods. The inherent spatiotemporal variability of the Mediterranean Sea was analyzed using the empirical orthogonal function (EOF) and spectral analysis on the simulated density fields. Our results revealed that the Mediterranean Sea exhibits high sensitivity to climatic conditions, allowing its circulation to change from anti-estuarine (for the SBF scenario, leading to a buoyancy loss to the atmosphere) to estuarine (for the WBF scenario, corresponding to a buoyancy gain from the atmosphere). In all three experiments, the interannual and decennial variabilities dominate in upper layers, and the decennial variability dominates in the Gibraltar and Sicily Straits. Under current climatic conditions the first two EOF modes express only 60% of the density variability in the deep layers. This contribution exceeds 90% under more extreme conditions. Moreover, the first EOF modes correspond to a basin-wide in-phase variability of the deep layers under the reference and WBF conditions. During SBF conditions the first modes reveal a vertical buoyancy exchange between upper and deeper layers. The second EOF mode of deep waters under both extreme scenarios showed that the western and eastern basins exchange buoyancy in decennial (for the cold/dry) and interdecennial (for the warm/humid) timescales. The residence time of the Eastern Mediterranean deep water was diagnosed to be centennial, semicentennial, and intercentennial for the cases of current period, SBF, and WBF, respectively.

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“…To interpret the sedimentary records, the vol% of sand (>63 µm), silt (63-4 µm) and clay (<4 µm), median grain-size (D50) and sorting [50] of both the bulk and terrigenous fractions were calculated using the GRADISTAT package [51]. Similarly, in the terrigenous fraction, we use the silt/clay ratio, the mean grain-size of the sortable silt (SS mean , 10-63 µm particle size range [3,5,52]) and the vol.% of the UP10 fraction (particles >10 µm [13,14,53]) as proxies for the bottom current strength and paleocurrent intensity, respectively.…”

Section: Grain Size Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

133,000 Years of Sedimentary Record in a Contourite Drift in the Western Alboran Sea: Sediment Sources and Paleocurrent Reconstruction

et al. 2019

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The Djibouti Ville Drift is part of a contourite depositional system located on the southern side of the Djibouti Ville Seamount in the Alboran Sea (Western Mediterranean). The sedimentary record of a core located in the drift deposits has been characterized to achieve the possible sediment sources for the Saharan dust supply and the paleocurrent variability related to Mediterranean intermediate waters for the last 133 kyr. Three end-member grain-size distributions characterize the sediment record transported by the bottom current to address the different aeolian populations, i.e., coarse EM1, silty EM2, and fine EM3. For these particles, the most likely source areas are the Saharan sedimentary basins and deserts, as well as the cratonic basins of the Sahara-Sahel Dust Corridor. The prevalence of these main source areas is shown in the core record, where a noticeable change occurs during the MIS 5 to MIS 4 transition. Some punctual sediment inputs from the seamount have been recognized during sea-level lowstand, but there is no evidence of fluvial supply in the drift deposits. The paleocurrent reconstruction allows the characterizing of the stadial and cold periods by large increases in the mean sortable silt fraction and UP10, which point to an enhanced bottom current strength related to intermediate water masses. Conversely, interglacial periods are characterized by weaker bottom current activity, which is associated with denser deep water masses. These proxies also recorded the intensified Saharan wind transport that occurred during interstadial/stadial transitions. All these results point to the importance of combining sediment source areas with major climatic oscillations and paleocurrent variability in palaeoceanographic sedimentary archives, which may help to develop future climate prediction models.

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Deep-water formation variability in the north-western Mediterranean Sea during the last 2500 yr: A proxy validation with present-day data

Cited by 18 publications

References 75 publications

Genetic analyses reveal temporal stability and connectivity pattern in blue and red shrimp Aristeus antennatus populations

Genetic analyses reveal temporal stability and connectivity pattern in blue and red shrimp Aristeus antennatus populations

Investigation of the Inherent Variability of the Mediterranean Sea Under Contrasting Extreme Climatic Conditions

133,000 Years of Sedimentary Record in a Contourite Drift in the Western Alboran Sea: Sediment Sources and Paleocurrent Reconstruction

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Deep-water formation variability in the north-western Mediterranean Sea during the last 2500 yr: A proxy validation with present-day data

Cited by 18 publications

References 75 publications

Genetic analyses reveal temporal stability and connectivity pattern in blue and red shrimp Aristeus antennatus populations

Genetic analyses reveal temporal stability and connectivity pattern in blue and red shrimp Aristeus antennatus populations

Investigation of the Inherent Variability of the Mediterranean Sea Under Contrasting Extreme Climatic Conditions

133,000 Years of Sedimentary Record in a Contourite Drift in the Western Alboran Sea: Sediment Sources and Paleocurrent Reconstruction

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Deep-water formation variability in the north-western Mediterranean Sea during the last 2500 yr: A proxy validation with present-day data