Deepoxynivalenol: a new metabolite of nivalenol found in the excreta of orally administered rats

Onji, Yoshiki; Dohi, Yoshiko; Aoki, Yoshinari; Moriyama, Tadashige; Nagami, Hiroshi; Uno, Masakiyo; Tanaka, Takeshi; Yamazoe, Yutaka

doi:10.1021/jf00086a045

Cited by 28 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…It is not possible to extrapolate details regarding the dosing of the animals from this paper, but the levels in the fetus were comparable to the maternal levels (Poapolathep et al, 2004a). In the study of Onji et al (1989) higher doses (5 mg nivalenol/kg b.w. 12 times at 2-3 days intervals) were given orally to male Wistar rats.…”

Section: Experimental Animalsmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…No de-epoxy nivalenol or other metabolites of nivalenol were identified in urine or faeces, but the chromatograms contained a minor unidentified peak. In the study of Onji et al (1989) higher doses (5 mg nivalenol/kg b.w. Unchanged nivalenol was transported to fetal or suckling mice via placenta or milk in mice given a single oral dose.…”

Section: Experimental Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Scientific Opinion on risks for animal and public health related to the presence of nivalenol in food and feed

2013

EFSA Journal

136

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Nivalenol is a mycotoxin produced by various Fusarium species. The European Commission (EC) asked the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) for a scientific opinion on the risk to human and animal health related to the presence of nivalenol in food and feed. A total of 13 164 results for nivalenol in food, feed and unprocessed grains, collected in 2001-2011 from 18 European countries, were available for the evaluation. The highest mean concentrations for nivalenol were observed in oats, maize, barley and wheat and products thereof. Grains and grain-based foods, in particular bread and rolls, grain milling products, pasta, fine bakery wares and breakfast cereals, made the largest contribution to nivalenol exposure for humans. Animal exposure to nivalenol is primarily from consuming cereal grains and cereal by-products. The available information on the toxicokinetics of nivalenol is incomplete. Evidence exists for metabolic de-epoxidation in some species. Based on the data available, the Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM Panel) concluded that the overall weight of evidence is that nivalenol is unlikely to be genotoxic. Toxic effects of nivalenol include immunotoxicity and haematotoxicity. A reduction in white blood cell (WBC) counts in a 90-day rat study was identified as the critical effect for human risk assessment. Using these data and a benchmark dose analysis the CONTAM Panel established a tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 1.2 µg/kg b.w. per day. All chronic human dietary exposures to nivalenol estimated, based on the available occurrence data in food, are below the TDI, and are therefore not a health concern. No toxicity data were identified for ruminants, rabbits, fish and companion animals but lowest-observed-adverse-effect levels were identified in pigs and poultry. Based on estimates of exposure the risk of adverse health effects of feed containing nivalenol is low for both these species

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Section: Experimental Animalsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Experimental Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on risks for animal and public health related to the presence of nivalenol in food and feed

2013

EFSA Journal

136

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“…BBSH Toxins 2020, 12, 121 7 of 37 797 ( Figure S22) [51]. Similarly, after the male Wistar rats were orally administered with NIV (46), a metabolite was isolated from rat feces and identified as de-epoxy-NIV (47), namely 3,4,7,15-tetrahydroxytrichothec-8,12-dien-8-one ( Figure S22) [53]. Wistar rats [53] Toxins 2020, 12, x FOR PEER REVIEW 7 of 37 ( Figure S22) [51].…”

Section: De-epoxidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, after the male Wistar rats were orally administered with NIV (46), a metabolite was isolated from rat feces and identified as de-epoxy-NIV (47), namely 3,4,7,15-tetrahydroxytrichothec-8,12-dien-8-one ( Figure S22) [53]. Wistar rats [53] Toxins 2020, 12, x FOR PEER REVIEW 7 of 37 ( Figure S22) [51]. Similarly, after the male Wistar rats were orally administered with NIV (46), a metabolite was isolated from rat feces and identified as de-epoxy-NIV (47), namely 3,4,7,15tetrahydroxytrichothec-8,12-dien-8-one ( Figure S22) [53].…”

Section: De-epoxidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detoxification of Mycotoxins through Biotransformation

Yin

et al. 2020

Toxins

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Mycotoxins are toxic fungal secondary metabolites that pose a major threat to the safety of food and feed. Mycotoxins are usually converted into less toxic or non-toxic metabolites through biotransformation that are often made by living organisms as well as the isolated enzymes. The conversions mainly include hydroxylation, oxidation, hydrogenation, de-epoxidation, methylation, glycosylation and glucuronidation, esterification, hydrolysis, sulfation, demethylation and deamination. Biotransformations of some notorious mycotoxins such as alfatoxins, alternariol, citrinin, fomannoxin, ochratoxins, patulin, trichothecenes and zearalenone analogues are reviewed in detail. The recent development and applications of mycotoxins detoxification through biotransformation are also discussed.

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“…Only little information is available on in vivo trials with NIV. Rats, which were orally administered with NIV, showed a predominant excretion of deepoxy‐NIV in feces rather than in urine (Onji et al., ). Eriksen and Pettersson (2003) analyzed 10 human fecal samples, however, no NIV metabolites were detected, despite the fact that the human fecal microbiota was able to metabolize trichothecenes to deepoxide‐forms (Gratz, Duncan, & Richardson, ).…”

Section: Nivalenolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycotoxin Biomarkers of Exposure: A Comprehensive Review

Vidal

Mengelers

Yang³

et al. 2018

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

161

137

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To date, the use of biomarkers has become generally accepted. Biomarker-driven research has been proposed as a successful method to assess the exposure to xenobiotics by using concentrations of the parent compounds and/or metabolites in biological matrices such as urine or blood. However, the identification and validation of biomarkers of exposure remain a challenge. Recent advances in high-resolution mass spectrometry along with new analytical (postacquisition data-mining) techniques will improve the quality and output of the biomarker identification process. Chronic or even acute exposure to mycotoxins remains a daily fact, and therefore it is crucial that the mycotoxins' metabolism is unravelled so more knowledge on biomarkers in humans and animals is acquired. This review aims to provide the scientific community with a comprehensive overview of reported in vitro and in vivo mycotoxin metabolism studies in relation to biomarkers of exposure for deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fusarenon-X, T-2 toxin, diacetoxyscirpenol, ochratoxin A, citrinin, fumonisins, zearalenone, aflatoxins, and sterigmatocystin.

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Deepoxynivalenol: a new metabolite of nivalenol found in the excreta of orally administered rats

Cited by 28 publications

References 14 publications

Scientific Opinion on risks for animal and public health related to the presence of nivalenol in food and feed

Scientific Opinion on risks for animal and public health related to the presence of nivalenol in food and feed

Detoxification of Mycotoxins through Biotransformation

Mycotoxin Biomarkers of Exposure: A Comprehensive Review

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