Defatted Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) Seed Meal and Its Phenolic‐Saponin‐Rich Extract Protect Hypercholesterolemic Rats against Oxidative Stress and Systemic Inflammation via Transcriptional Modulation of Hepatic Antioxidant Genes

Abstract

The present study aimed to investigate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of defatted kenaf seed meal (DKSM) and its phenolic-saponin-rich extract (PSRE) in hypercholesterolemic rats. Hypercholesterolemia was induced using atherogenic diet feeding, and dietary interventions were conducted by incorporating DKSM (15% and 30%) or PSRE (at 2.3% and 4.6%, resp., equivalent to the total content of DKSM-phenolics and saponins in the DKSM groups) into the atherogenic diets. After ten weeks of intervention, serum total antioxidant capacities of hypercholesterolemic rats were significantly enhanced by DKSM and PSRE supplementation (p < 0.05). Similarly, DKSM and PSRE supplementation upregulated the hepatic mRNA expression of antioxidant genes (Nrf2, Sod1, Sod2, Gsr, and Gpx1) of hypercholesterolemic rats (p < 0.05), except for Gpx1 in the DKSM groups. The levels of circulating oxidized LDL and proinflammatory biomarkers were also markedly suppressed by DKSM and PSRE supplementation (p < 0.05). In aggregate, DKSM and PSRE attenuated the hypercholesterolemia-associated oxidative stress and systemic inflammation in rats, potentially by enhancement of hepatic endogenous antioxidant defense via activation of the Nrf2-ARE pathway, which may be contributed by the rich content of phenolics and saponins in DKSM and PSRE. Hence, DKSM and PSRE are prospective functional food ingredients for the potential mitigation of atherogenic risks in hypercholesterolemic individuals.

Renin angiotensin system blockage by losartan neutralize hypercholesterolemia-induced inflammatory and oxidative injuries

“…In the present study, HCD feeding significantly increased serum levels of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and PGE2, which indicates an advanced degree of systemic inflammation. These results are in agreement with Chan et al, where experimental hypercholesterolemia was associated with reduced antioxidant capacity and systemic inflammation [23]. Furthermore, HCD fed animals showed a marked increase in the serum level of caspase-3 and NO.…”

The protective effects of red beetroot (Beta vulgaris l.) against oxidative stress in rats induced by high fat and fructose diet

“…Meanwhile, a negative correlation was observed between SOD2 and CAT gene expression and circulated ox-LDL level (Figure 3). In line with our result, research conducted by Chan et al [37] showed that antioxidant supplementation induces antioxidant-associated gene expression. Elevating antioxidant status via upregulation SOD2 and CAT gene expression can ameliorate oxidative stress.…”

Renin Angiotensin System Blockage by Losartan Neutralize Hypercholesterolemia-Induced Inflammatory and Oxidative Injuries

“…These inflammatory mediators play critical function in the pathogenesis of multiple metabolic syndromes, which made them a promising panel for assessment of cardiovascular and metabolic disorders.In the present study, HCD feeding led to significant augmentation of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α and PGE2 serum levels, which indicate an advanced degree of systemic inflammation. These results are in agreement with Chan et al,where experimental hypercholesterolemia was associated with reduced antioxidant capacity and systemic inflammation[21]. Furthermore, HCD fed animals showed a marked increase in the serum level of caspase-3 and NO.These biological molecules are markers for cellular damage and apoptosis.…”