Default mode network abnormalities during state switching in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Sidlauskaite, Justina; Sonuga‐Barke, Edmund; Roeyers, Herbert; Wiersema, Jan R.

doi:10.1017/s0033291715002019

Cited by 29 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…The DMN has been demonstrated to be the most active during rest, and to deactivate during active task engagement [45]. In this study, there was a similar developmental trend in the ADHD and TD groups, i.e., that part of the FC in the DMN diminished with age.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Different Developmental Pattern of Brain Activities in ADHD: A Study of Resting-State fMRI

et al. 2018

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There are distinct symptoms for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) at different ages. To explore the developmental mechanism of ADHD from childhood to adolescence, patients from different age groups with ADHD drawn from a large dataset should be investigated. In this study, we hypothesized that there are significant differences in the developmental patterns of local and global brain activities between ADHD and typically developing (TD) individuals. Three voxel-based measurements and the functional connectivity (FC) of the brain networks were extracted from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of both ADHD and TD participants 7–16 years of age. The topological properties of brain networks in both groups were also analyzed, including hubs, hemispheric symmetry, together with local and global efficiency. The results showed, from the local perspective, that the ADHD group had abnormal amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation, fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation, and regional homogeneity in the medial orbital frontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, postcentral gyrus, thalamus, precuneus, and cerebellum compared with the TD group. From the global perspective, the aberrant FC between multiple networks, such as the default mode network (DMN), the attention network, and the executive control network, might directly contribute to symptom differences in childhood and adolescence in ADHD patients. Finally, from the developmental perspective, there was delayed maturation of brain networks in the ADHD group, especially in the DMN. Overall, we presented the differences in brain networks between the ADHD and TD group from multiple perspectives and demonstrated the developmental abnormality of brain networks in ADHD patients, contributing to the study of the etiology of ADHD.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Different Developmental Pattern of Brain Activities in ADHD: A Study of Resting-State fMRI

et al. 2018

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“…Greater activity in the DAN in relation to ADHD (of which Rohr et al 20 inattention is one of the two main symptoms) has previously been shown and interpreted as compensatory effort (Cortese, et al, 2012). While several studies have reported increased DMN activity during tasks in ADHD vs. TD participants, (Sidlauskaite, et al, 2016) found that the process of down-regulating the DMN when preparing to switch from rest to task was unimpaired in ADHD. This is a somewhat counter-intuitive, as the ability to modulate or suppress DMN activity via the DAN is linked to greater top-down, goaldirected attention (Anticevic, et al, 2012;Rubia, 2013), which is an area of difficulty in ADHD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Girls’ attentive traits associate with cerebellar to dorsal attention and default mode network connectivity

Rohr

Dimond

Schuetze

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Attention traits are a cornerstone to the healthy development of children's performance in the classroom, their interactions with peers, and in predicting future success and problems. The cerebellum is increasingly appreciated as a region involved in complex cognition and behavior, and moreover makes important connections to key brain networks known to support attention: the dorsal attention and default mode networks (DAN; DMN). The cerebellum has also been implicated in childhood disorders affecting attention, namely autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), suggesting that attention networks extending to the cerebellum may be important to consider in relation to attentive traits. Yet, direct investigations into the association between cerebellar FC and attentive traits are lacking. Therefore, in this study we examined attentive traits, assessed using parent reports of ADHD and ASD symptoms, in a community sample of 52 girls aged 4-7 years, i.e. around the time of school entry, and their association with cerebellar connections with the DAN and DMN.We found that cortico-cerebellar functional connectivity (FC) jointly and differentially correlated with attentive traits, through a combination of weaker and stronger FC across anterior and posterior DAN and DMN nodes. These findings suggest that corticocerebellar integration may play an important role in the manifestation of attentive traits.

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“…More generally, Sidlauskaite et al (2016) question whether documented abnormalities in DMN suppression in ADHD are in fact reflecting difficulties in sustaining DMN suppression, as their study shows that initial DMN suppression when cued to execute a task is not impaired in ADHD. However, this hypothesized dysfunction in sustaining DMN suppression has yet to be explored in ADHD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Increased default-mode variability is related to reduced task-performance and is evident in adults with ADHD

Mowinckel

Alnæs

Pedersen

et al. 2017

NeuroImage: Clinical

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Insufficient suppression and connectivity of the default mode network (DMN) is a potential mediator of cognitive dysfunctions across various disorders, including attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, it remains unclear if alterations in sustained DMN suppression, variability and connectivity during prolonged cognitive engagement are implicated in adult ADHD pathophysiology, and to which degree methylphenidate (MPH) remediates any DMN abnormalities. This randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, cross-over clinical trial of MPH (clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01831622) explored large-scale brain network dynamics in 20 adults with ADHD on and off MPH, compared to 27 healthy controls, while performing a reward based decision-making task. DMN task-related activation, variability, and connectivity were estimated and compared between groups and conditions using independent component analysis, dual regression, and Bayesian linear mixed models. The results show that the DMN exhibited more variable activation patterns in unmedicated patients compared to healthy controls. Group differences in functional connectivity both between and within functional networks were evident. Further, functional connectivity between and within attention and DMN networks was sensitive both to task performance and case-control status. MPH altered within-network connectivity of the DMN and visual networks, but not between-network connectivity or temporal variability. This study thus provides novel fMRI evidence of reduced sustained DMN suppression in adults with ADHD during value-based decision-making, a pattern that was not alleviated by MPH. We infer from multiple analytical approaches further support to the default mode interference hypothesis, in that higher DMN activation variability is evident in adult ADHD and associated with lower task performance.

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Default mode network abnormalities during state switching in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Abstract: Background. Individuals with ADHD display excess levels of default mode network (DMN)

Cited by 29 publications

References 64 publications

Different Developmental Pattern of Brain Activities in ADHD: A Study of Resting-State fMRI

Different Developmental Pattern of Brain Activities in ADHD: A Study of Resting-State fMRI

Girls’ attentive traits associate with cerebellar to dorsal attention and default mode network connectivity

Increased default-mode variability is related to reduced task-performance and is evident in adults with ADHD

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