Défaunation du rumen de mouton

Jouany, J.P.; Sénaud, J.; Lefaivre, J.; Vizet, A.

doi:10.1051/rnd:19790507

Cited by 57 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Abou Akkada et al (1968) With the objective of studying the role of protozoa on nitrogen recycling within the rumen, a number of attempts were made to defaunate sheep using procedures similar to those described by Bird et al (1978) and Orpin (19'77) and a rumenwashing procedure described by Jouany and Senaud (1919 men, or a rumen-washing procedure de-scribed by Jouany and Senaud (1979). Microscopic counts, on a fresh sample of rumen fluid strained through two layers of cheese cloth, indicated that prior to the experiments a heterogenous population of ciliate protozoa (Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Difficulties in Defaunation of the Ovine Rumen

Lovelock¹,

Forsbkrg²,

Buchanan-Smith³

1982

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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confidence: 99%

Difficulties in Defaunation of the Ovine Rumen

Lovelock¹,

Forsbkrg²,

Buchanan-Smith³

1982

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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“…About 20 cells of each ciliate species were individually sampled by means of a micropipette from mixed fauna taken from sheep or cows through a rumen fistula or at the slaughterhouse. They were introduced into the rumen of sheep previously defaunated by a technique based on rumen emptying and successive washing (18). Once the population of ciliates reached the minimum level of 10 3 cells/ml in the rumen, the rumen content was sampled and treated for ciliate isolation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another way to maintain rumen ciliate protozoa for long periods involves with the rumen of previously defaunated animals (18) into which a few isolated cells of single species are inoculated to obtain monofaunated animals (16,19,21). However, preparing and maintaining a large number of animals in a monofaunated state for a wide range of ciliate strains is difficult.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-Step Freezing Procedure for Cryopreservation of Rumen Ciliates, an Effective Tool for Creation of a Frozen Rumen Protozoa Bank

Nsabimana

Kišidayová

Machebœuf

et al. 2003

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The present study aimed at the long-term storage of rumen protozoa as living cells in liquid nitrogen. The two-step or interrupted slow freezing procedure was used to cryopreserve six of the dominant species of rumen ciliates isolated from monofaunated animals, Dasytricha ruminantium, Entodinium caudatum, Epidinium ecaudatum caudatum, Eudiplodinium maggii, Isotricha prostoma, and Polyplastron multivesiculatum. We optimized the first step in the interrupted slow freezing procedure, from the extracellular ice nucleation temperature to the holding temperature, and studied the effects of the cooling rates on survival. In addition to the nature of the cryoprotectant (dimethyl sulfoxide), the equilibration temperature and equilibration time (25°C and 5 min, respectively), and the holding time at subzero temperature (45 min) recommended previously (S. Kišidayová, J. Microbiol. Methods 22:185-192, 1995), we found that a holding temperature of ؊30°C, a cooling rate from extracellular ice nucleation temperature to holding temperature of between 1.2°C/min and 2.5°C/min, depending on the ciliate, and rumen juice as the freezing and thawing medium markedly improved the survival rate. Survival rates determined after 2 weeks in liquid nitrogen were 100% for Isotricha, 98% for Dasytricha, 85% for Epidinium, 79% for Polyplastron, 63% for Eudiplodinium, and 60% for Entodinium. They were not significantly modified after a period of 1 year in liquid nitrogen. Four of the five ciliate species cryopreserved for 8 months in liquid nitrogen successfully colonized the rumen when inoculated into defaunated animals. These results have made it possible to set up a bank of cryopreserved rumen protozoa.Rumen microbial populations are characterized by a broad diversity of microorganisms, mainly bacteria, ciliate protozoa, and fungi. Protozoa represent up to 50% of the total rumen microbial biomass. They are involved particularly in the rumen digestion of cellulose (6,7,17,50), starch (7,16,45), and proteins (40), and they contribute actively to the control of the bacterial population (19) and to the formation of the end products of ruminal fermentation (21,44,45). They play an important role in the biodegradation of plant toxins and mycotoxins (22,49) and in the regulation of ruminal conditions such as pH and redox potential (1,27,39,44). They have been shown to eliminate certain pathogens from the digestive tract of ruminants, protecting them from disease and so improving the food safety of edible animal products (33).Although some rumen ciliates can usually be cultivated in vitro, it is difficult to maintain them for a long time, and most species die within a few months to a year (3,8,12,13,14,15,34,35,36). Another way to maintain rumen ciliate protozoa for long periods involves with the rumen of previously defaunated animals (18) into which a few isolated cells of single species are inoculated to obtain monofaunated animals (16,19,21). However, preparing and maintaining a large number of animals in a monofaunated state for a wide range of ...

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“…The contents were withdrawn from the reticulo-rumen and kept for 96 h at -20°C according to the method of Jouany and Senaud (1979). The walls of the emptied forestomachs were washed many times with a warm (40°C) NaCl solution (0.9 % w/v) instead of water and the rumen was filled thereafter with 8 1 of a buffer composed of (g/1): NaCl, 0.76; CH 3 COONa, 6.12; H 2 HP0 4 3.48; NaH 2 P0 4 1.38; Na 2 HP0 4 • 2H 2 0, 2.14; NaHC0 3 2.1; MgCl 2 • 6H 2 6, 0.3; CaCl 2 • 2H 2 0, 0.22 and supplemented with 14.7, 15.0 and 16.3 mmol acetic, propionic and butyric acid, respectively.…”

Section: Defaunation Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Linseed oil hydrolysate, Ca0 2 and lactic acid were also applied for defaunation of ruminants (Van Nevel and Demeyer, 1981;Demeyer, 1982;Mondeza et al, 1993). Jouany and Senaud (1979) successfully defaunated sheep by evacuation of rumen contents, washing the reticulo-rumen walls with water and freezing the rumen content to kill the protozoa. To perform our experiments we tried to defaunate sheep by some of the methods mentioned above, but most of them were only partially successful.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The importance of washing the omasum for successful defaunation of sheep

Michałowski

Harmeyer²,

Bełżecki³

1999

J. Anim. Feed Sci.

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Four different methods for defaunating were tested. Small Entodinia but some times also other species of ciliates were found on the next day after defaunation when Aerosol OT was given in doses of 5 and 10 g/animal or 1-1.5 g/kg of rumen content. Emptying and washing the reticulorumen with a 0.9% NaCl solution and subsequent freezing of the contents to -20°C for 96 h resulted in absence of protozoa for a period of 10-14 days and this was followed by the re-establishment of a population of Eudiplodinium maggii, Entodinium simplex and Dasytricha ruminantium. Emptying and washing of the reticulo-rumen with warm (40°C) water accompanied by heating of the contents to 70°C and addition of 10 g of Aerosol OT or 5 g sodium lauryl sulphate (SDS) eliminated the ciliates from the rumen for a period of 7-40 days but re-establishment of small protozoa like Entodinium simplex and Entodinium caudatum was observed later.Emptying the reticulo-rumen and washing the omasum, reticulum and rumen with warm water followed by heating of the contents to 70°C and the addition of Aerosol OT at a proportion of 1 g/kg digesta resulted in elimination of all the species of ciliates from the reticulo-rumen of all defaunated sheep for a period longer than 70 days.

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Défaunation du rumen de mouton

Abstract: (Kurihara et al., 1968 ;

Cited by 57 publications

References 2 publications

Difficulties in Defaunation of the Ovine Rumen

Difficulties in Defaunation of the Ovine Rumen

Two-Step Freezing Procedure for Cryopreservation of Rumen Ciliates, an Effective Tool for Creation of a Frozen Rumen Protozoa Bank

The importance of washing the omasum for successful defaunation of sheep

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