Defect formation and prevention during the preparation of supported carbon membranes

Review on the preparation of carbon membranes derived from phenolic resins for gas separation: From petrochemical precursors to bioresources

“…Table 1 shows some examples of membranes obtained after several coatings, including drying or drying/carbonisation cycles (see column "Coating method") In this way, after a minimum number of coatings, additional layers increase gas selectivity to a maximum (since the pore network may become blocked), but again at the expense of a decline of permeation [126][127][128][129][130].…”

“…As mentioned before, the rearrangement of the molecular structure of the resin results in a pore size, pore volume and pore distribution that can be controlled by modifying the pyrolysis parameters exclusively [36,53,151,154,156]. s, 2 h and 3 h (the other 3 images in the same row) and carbonisation at 700 ºC [131]; PVDF hollow fibre membranes impregnated with a resole resin (d) before and (e) after carbonisation [123]; (f) unsupported tubular carbon membrane obtained by casting and carbonisation of a resorcinol-formaldehyde resin [147]; (g) [145] and (h) [130] show examples of carbon membranes based on phenolic resins without additives presenting surface cracks after pyrolysis. Reproduced with permission from [36] (a), [50] (b), [131] (c), [123] (d and e), [147] (f), [145] (g) and [130] (h).…”