Defect formation in first order phase transitions with damping

Ferrera, Antonio

doi:10.1103/physrevd.57.7130

Cited by 8 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 17 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Ferrera [23] confirmed the hypothesis of [2] by performing a series of simulations of complete global-symmetry phase transitions at different values of the bubble wall terminal velocity. However, quantitative analysis of the defect formation rate in the most realistic scenario cosmologically -a gauge-theory phase transition where the bubbles are slowed significantly by the plasma (as might be expected at the electroweak-or GUT-scales) -has not been studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…In this range, we have measured the exponent α local = 0.65 ± 0.04, whereas in the global case [23] α global = 0.53 ± 0.05 was found for the corresponding region. For lower terminal velocities, however, another regime was discovered, with α global = 0.8 ± 0.3.…”

Section: Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…The results of Ferrera [23] are shown in Figure 1 the number of defects formed per bubble nucleated, n d , decreases exponentially with decreasing bubble wall velocity. For terminal velocities v ter ≈ 0.01c, a decrease of over an order of magnitude in the defect formation rate (i.e.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…If the simulation were allowed to run indefinitely, all vortices formed would eventually annihilate, leaving none -magnetic flux is conserved, and since we started out with zero total flux, at any given time there must be an equal number of vortices and antivortices. Following [23], we have decided to terminate the simulation when 95% of the simulation volume had been converted to true vacuum. As a check, the number of vortices and antivortices present was calculated at regular intervals and stored to ensure that a) the number of defects was an increasing function of time, and b) the number of defects had remained ters.…”

Section: Ending the Phase Transitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have simulated a series of complete phase transitions, from the nucleation of the first bubble in an entirely symmetric background until > 95% of the available space having been converted into the broken-symmetry phase. We have done this (as in [23], but in a local rather than global symmetry) for a range of values of the bubble wall velocity in order to obtain a qualitative measure of the dependence of n d on v ter . Our results (which are displayed in Figure 5) show that the two hypotheses of [3] do hold: for any value of the bubble wall speed there are fewer defects in gauge theory phase transitions than in global theory ones, and the number of defects formed per bubble decreases with decreasing wall velocity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Defect formation rates in cosmological first-order phase transitions

Lilley

Ferrera²

2001

Phys. Rev. D

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In cosmological first-order phase transitions, the progress of true-vacuum bubbles is expected to be significantly retarded by the interaction between the bubble wall and the hot plasma. It has been claimed that this leads to a significant reduction in the number of topological defects formed per bubble, as a result of phase equilibration between bubbles. This claim has been verified for spontaneously-broken global symmetries. We perform a series of simulations of complete phase transitions in the 2 + 1-dimensional U (1)-Abelian Higgs model, for a range of bubble wall velocities, in order to obtain a quantitative measure of the effect of bubble wall speed on the number density of topological defects. We find that the number of defects formed is i) significantly lower in the local than the global case and ii) decreases exponentially as a function of wall velocity. Slow-moving bubbles also lead, however, to the nucleation of more bubbles before the phase transition is complete. Our simulations show that this is in fact the dominant effect, and so we predict more defects per unit volume as a result of the sub-luminal bubble wall terminal velocity.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Section: Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Ending the Phase Transitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Defect formation rates in cosmological first-order phase transitions

Lilley

Ferrera²

2001

Phys. Rev. D

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Probing the electroweak symmetry breaking history with gravitational waves

Zhao,

Di,

Bian

et al. 2023

J. High Energ. Phys.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We perform three dimensional lattice simulation of the electroweak symmetry breaking process through two-step vacuum-like phase transitions with one step being first-order. Our results show that: 1) when the electroweak symmetry breaking is driven by the beyond Standard Model theories through the Higgs-portal, the gravitational wave spectra produced from the phase transitions are of broken power-law shape; 2) when the electroweak symmetry breaking is induced by a first-order phase transition of a high-scale theory respecting the global U(1) symmetry, cosmic strings can form and then decay through particle radiation. The two scenarios can be distinguished through probing the stochastic gravitational wave backgrounds. Our study suggests that the stochastic gravitational wave backgrounds provide an alternative way to probe the beyond Standard Model theories relevant to the electroweak symmetry breaking in the early Universe.

show abstract

Kink with Allowance for the Energy Dissipation and Pumping

Knyazev

2005

Russ Phys J

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the present work, the (1+1)-dimensional nonlinear equation of motion of 4 ϕ scalar theory is examined with simultaneous allowance for the processes of energy dissipation and pumping in the system. The energy dissipation is described in the equation by a linear term, and the energy pumping is described by a squared time derivative of the field. A single-kink solution is constructed for the given problem. It is demonstrated that a scalar field expansion in the inflationary model can occur with balanced energy dissipation and pumping.The kink solution in 4 ϕ scalar theory is one of the most extensively studied solutions of nonlinear equations widely used for a description of various phenomena and processes in many branches of physics [1][2][3]. The equation of motion in this theory in the (1+1)-dimensional case has the formwhere 2 m and λ are positive constants and 2 2 tt t ϕ = ∂ ϕ ∂ . Alongside with this equation, its modifications are constantly examined constructed so that to consider the processes of energy dissipation (through attenuation or friction) or pumping in the system or dissipation and pumping simultaneously. A review of publications devoted to this problem with linear dependence of energy dissipation or pumping is presented in [4]. In a number of works (for example, see [5][6][7][8][9]) this problem was considered with allowance for the nonlinear energy dissipation or pumping.Single-kink solutions for all above-mentioned equations are self-similar and are described by expressions of the form ( ) f kx t − ω , where f is a function and k and ω are the parameters of the solution determined by the model. In the present work, Eq. (1) is modified so that at least one parameter of the solution appears independent from the model parameters. In fact, this means that under certain conditions, the processes of energy dissipation and pumping in the system will be balanced to some extent; as a result, one of the parameters of the system state described by the self-similar solution will be independent of the energy transfer in this system. Let us consider the equation of motion of 4 ϕ theory with simultaneous allowance for the energy dissipation and pumping. Let the energy dissipation be described by a linear function, and pumping be described by a quadratic function. In this case, Eq. (1) is reduced to the formwhere α and β are positive constants (the dissipation and pumping coefficients, respectively). Since we study the dependence of the solution only on the energy dissipation and pumping, without loss of generality all other coefficients can be set equal to unity.To construct a single-kink solution of Eq.(2), the direct method generalizing the Hirota method to the case of degenerated solution parameters was used [4,10]. The sought-after solution can be written as follows:Byelorussian National Technical University.

show abstract

Defect formation in first order phase transitions with damping

Cited by 8 publications

References 17 publications

Defect formation rates in cosmological first-order phase transitions

Defect formation rates in cosmological first-order phase transitions

Probing the electroweak symmetry breaking history with gravitational waves

Kink with Allowance for the Energy Dissipation and Pumping

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About