Defect structure of acceptor-doped calcium titanate at elevated temperatures

Structural, dielectric and impedance spectroscopy analysis of Ba5CaTi1.94Zn0.06Nb8O30ferroelectric ceramic

“…It was oen mentioned that the activation energy of single ionized OVs was about (0.3-0.5 eV) and about (0.6-1.2 eV) for double ionized OVs. 10 Oxygen vacancies (OVs) can easily be formed in oxide materials by the loss of oxygen from the crystal lattice during heating at elevated temperatures (typically >1300 C), 55 or in our case by the Ti 4+ /Zn 2+ substitution.…”

Effect of CuO on CaTiO3 perovskite ceramics prepared using a direct sintering process

“…The traditional process of synthesizing CT is by a solid-state reaction based on calcining the mixed oxide or carbonate powders. Other techniques such as organometallic [11], liquid mix [12], plasma spray [13] and mechanochemical [14][15][16] processes have also been reported.…”

Synthesis of CaTiO3 from calcium titanyl oxalate hexahydrate (CTO) as precursor employing microwave heating technique

“…These include (i) conventional ceramic technique (Kay and Bailey 1957;Redfern 1996), (ii) organometallic (Yang et al 1985), (iii) liquid mix method (Balchandran et al 1982;Pan et al 2003), (iv) chemical co-precipitation method (Gopalakrishnamurty et al 1975), (v) combustion method (Muthuraman and Patil 1994) and (vi) organic-inorganic solution technique (Lee et al 2004). Among these methods, the conventional ceramic technique requires high temperatures (>1200°C) and prolonged heating of the reaction components to get the product (Kay and Bailey 1957;Redfern 1996).…”