Defective ultra-thin two-dimensional g-C3N4 photocatalyst for enhanced photocatalytic H2 evolution activity

Han, Changcun; Su, Pengfei; Tan, Baohua; Ma, Xinguo; Lv, Hui; Huang, Chung-Yuan; Wang, Pan; Tong, Zhengfu; Li, Gen; Huang, Yizhong; Liu, Zhifeng

doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2020.07.119

Cited by 150 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The popular polymeric organic semiconductor, g‐C 3 N 4 is the most studied material in this regard. [ 82–83,118 ] Mo et al. have synthesized the defect engineered g‐C 3 N 4 nanotubes, which showed 118.5 µmol h −1 H 2 production in aqueous TEOA solution using Pt as a cocatalyst.…”

Section: Vacancy Engineered Materials For Photocatalytic H2 Evolution and N2 Fixationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vacancy Engineering in Semiconductor Photocatalysts: Implications in Hydrogen Evolution and Nitrogen Fixation Applications

Kumar

Krishnan

2021

Adv Funct Materials

235

143

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It is a well‐known fact that the pronounced photogenerated charge recombination and poor light absorption are the main bottlenecks of photocatalysis applications. The conventional approaches to address these problems involve bandgap engineering and suppression of charge recombination after light irradiation, which results in an enhancement in the photocatalytic performance of the materials. However, the most essential aspect of surface modification to engineer active sites on the catalyst surface is generally not given much importance. Contrary to this, defect engineering is another approach by which the optical, charge separation, and surface properties of the photocatalytic materials can be tuned. In this review article, the effect of the introduction of vacancies on the photocatalytic properties of selected semiconductor materials, viz., metal oxides, perovskite oxides, metal sulfides, oxyhalides, and nitrides is comprehensively summarized. The engineering of vacancies in these materials not only improves their optical and charge transfer properties but also affects the surface properties, which are helpful in the adsorption of the reactants on catalyst surface. Herein, photocatalytic hydrogen evolution and nitrogen fixation applications of vacancy engineered materials are discussed in detail along with the current trends, scalability requirements, and rigorous experimental protocols.

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Section: Vacancy Engineered Materials For Photocatalytic H2 Evolution and N2 Fixationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vacancy Engineering in Semiconductor Photocatalysts: Implications in Hydrogen Evolution and Nitrogen Fixation Applications

Kumar

Krishnan

2021

Adv Funct Materials

235

143

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“…[13][14][15] However, the low separation efficiency and fast recombination of photogenerated carriers limit the practical application of g-C 3 N 4 . [16,17] Numerous strategies have been proposed to optimize the catalytic performance of g-C 3 N 4 , such as metal or nonmetal doping, [18][19][20] defect engineering, [21,22] nano engineering, [23][24][25] junction engineering, [26][27][28] morphology designing. [29][30][31] Among these strategies, junction engineering is considered as the most noteworthy method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

g‐C₃N₄ Homophase Junction with High Crystallinity Using MoS₂ as Cocatalyst for Robust Visible‐Light‐Driven Photocatalytic Pollutant Degradation

et al. 2022

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We exhibit the reasonable design and architect of MoS 2 @g-C 3 N 4 /g-C 3 N 4 hierarchical hetero-homojunction structure by ultrasonically pulverize and vibrate MoS 2 nanoparticles into the ultrasonically exfoliated hierarchical g-C 3 N 4 /g-C 3 N 4 homojunction slit for efficient organic pollutant photodegradation, where the g-C 3 N 4 /g-C 3 N 4 homojunction is fabricated using recrystallized urea and recrystallized dicyandiamide as double-source precursor for better photogenerated charges separation and transfer. Oil bath thermal-treatment enhances the interaction between MoS 2 nanoparticles and g-C 3 N 4 /g-C 3 N 4 nanosheets. The distinctive design accelerates the separation and transfer of photogenerated carriers, provide larger specific surface area and more active sites for organic pollutant degradation. In the composite catalyst, MoS 2 serves as the electron convergence center. Profiting from the hetero-homojunction structural merits, the optimized UOMSHCN-25 displays excellent photocatalysis activity and high stability for organic pollutant degradation (MO (96.3% within 40 min), Rh B (98.7% within 10 min) and TC (83.9% within 60 min)). Finally, a reasonable photocatalysis mechanism is proposed and discussed in detailed.

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“…In the OSC family, conjugated polymers, g -C 3 N 4 [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ], polypyrrole (PPy) [ 9 , 10 ], polyaniline (PANI) [ 11 , 12 ], polyimide (PI) [ 13 ], poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) [ 14 ], polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) [ 15 , 16 ], etc., have been extensively used for photocatalytic purposes due to their broad, molecular-level tuning of optoelectronic properties. Among them, g -C 3 N 4 resembles graphene and has a unique two-dimensional (2D) delocalized conjugated structure, which is formed by an infinite extension of triazine ring (C 3 N 3 ) or tri-s-triazine ring (C 6 N 7 ) as basic structural units [ 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

g-C3N4: Properties, Pore Modifications, and Photocatalytic Applications

et al. 2021

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Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), as a polymeric semiconductor, is promising for ecological and economical photocatalytic applications because of its suitable electronic structures, together with the low cost, facile preparation, and metal-free feature. By modifying porous g-C3N4, its photoelectric behaviors could be facilitated with transport channels for photogenerated carriers, reactive substances, and abundant active sites for redox reactions, thus further improving photocatalytic performance. There are three types of methods to modify the pore structure of g-C3N4: hard-template method, soft-template method, and template-free method. Among them, the hard-template method may produce uniform and tunable pores, but requires toxic and environmentally hazardous chemicals to remove the template. In comparison, the soft templates could be removed at high temperatures during the preparation process without any additional steps. However, the soft-template method cannot strictly control the size and morphology of the pores, so prepared samples are not as orderly as the hard-template method. The template-free method does not involve any template, and the pore structure can be formed by designing precursors and exfoliation from bulk g-C3N4 (BCN). Without template support, there was no significant improvement in specific surface area (SSA). In this review, we first demonstrate the impact of pore structure on photoelectric performance. We then discuss pore modification methods, emphasizing comparison of their advantages and disadvantages. Each method’s changing trend and development direction is also summarized in combination with the commonly used functional modification methods. Furthermore, we introduce the application prospects of porous g-C3N4 in the subsequent studies. Overall, porous g-C3N4 as an excellent photocatalyst has a huge development space in photocatalysis in the future.

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Defective ultra-thin two-dimensional g-C3N4 photocatalyst for enhanced photocatalytic H2 evolution activity

Cited by 150 publications

References 36 publications

Vacancy Engineering in Semiconductor Photocatalysts: Implications in Hydrogen Evolution and Nitrogen Fixation Applications

Vacancy Engineering in Semiconductor Photocatalysts: Implications in Hydrogen Evolution and Nitrogen Fixation Applications

g‐C₃N₄ Homophase Junction with High Crystallinity Using MoS₂ as Cocatalyst for Robust Visible‐Light‐Driven Photocatalytic Pollutant Degradation

g-C3N4: Properties, Pore Modifications, and Photocatalytic Applications

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Defective ultra-thin two-dimensional g-C3N4 photocatalyst for enhanced photocatalytic H2 evolution activity

Cited by 150 publications

References 36 publications

Vacancy Engineering in Semiconductor Photocatalysts: Implications in Hydrogen Evolution and Nitrogen Fixation Applications

Vacancy Engineering in Semiconductor Photocatalysts: Implications in Hydrogen Evolution and Nitrogen Fixation Applications

g‐C3N4 Homophase Junction with High Crystallinity Using MoS2 as Cocatalyst for Robust Visible‐Light‐Driven Photocatalytic Pollutant Degradation

g-C3N4: Properties, Pore Modifications, and Photocatalytic Applications

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g‐C₃N₄ Homophase Junction with High Crystallinity Using MoS₂ as Cocatalyst for Robust Visible‐Light‐Driven Photocatalytic Pollutant Degradation