Defence and Regrowth, Alternative Plant Strategies in the Struggle against Herbivores

Meijden, E. van der; Wijn, Marijke; Verkaar, H. J.

doi:10.2307/3565318

Cited by 414 publications

(240 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Therefore native J. vulgaris could develop a tolerance strategy in order to survive from such attacks. During the plant's development, resources from aboveground shoots are allocated to underground parts, which resulted in a larger root system for later regrowth after herbivory (Islam and Crawley 1983;van der Meijden et al 1988). In contrast, it could be argued that the lower root-shoot ratio of invasive J. vulgaris genotypes represents a redistribution of resources from root storage (as in native genotypes) to growth of aboveground parts, and thus increasing potential growth.…”

Section: Growth Traits and Tolerancementioning

confidence: 98%

“…These findings are in line with the SDH hypothesis and indicated an evolutionary shift from lower protection against specialist towards increased growth and reproduction as well as higher protection against general herbivores in J. vulgaris. Furthermore, J. vulgaris in the native area is regularly defoliated by T. jacobaeae and shows a strong regrowth after defoliation (Islam and Crawley 1983;van der Meijden et al 1988). Recently, T. jacobaeae, L. jacobaeae and other specialist herbivores have been introduced into to the invasive areas as biological controls for combating the invasion of J. vulgaris for several years (McEvoy et al 1991;McEvoy and Coombs 1999).…”

Section: Study Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Depending on the sink-source relationships, the reallocation of resources in different plant organs could result in a compensatory regrowth to replace damaged tissue after herbivory (Utsumi and Ohgushi 2007). Since root-shoot ratio was found to be directly correlated with regrowth in Jacobaea vulgaris (van der Meijden et al 1988), we considered the root-shoot ratio as a proper proxy for tolerance to herbivory in this study. Although structural defenses and tolerance play such significant roles against herbivore attack, they have been rarely studied together in the light of the EICA and SDH hypothesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A variety of plants suffer from high levels of herbivory or even frequent defoliation during their life time. In order to survive from such attacks, some plant species are likely to develop compensating mechanism: regrowth (van der Meijden et al 1988). As one of the most common tolerance strategies of plants, regrowth ability implies the saving and storage of nutrients and energy in plant parts that are relatively free from herbivore attack (McNaughton 1983;Rosenthal and Kotanen 1994;De Jong and Van Der Meijden 2000;Anten and Pierik 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Instead of deterring herbivores, plants can also reduce the negative fitness effects of herbivores through being tolerant to damage (van der Meijden et al 1988). Tolerance is defined as the ability of a plant to vegetatively or reproductively overcome the damage caused by herbivores Strauss and Agrawal 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enemies lost: parallel evolution in structural defense and tolerance to herbivory of invasive Jacobaea vulgaris

et al. 2015

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According to the Shifting Defense Hypothesis, invasive plants should trade-off their costly quantitative defense to cheaper qualitative defense and growth due to the lack of natural specialist enemies and the presence of generalist enemies in the introduced areas. Several studies showed that plant genotypes from the invasive areas had a better qualitative defense than genotypes from the native area but only a few studies have focused on the quantitative defenses and tolerance ability. We compared structural defenses, tolerance and growth between invasive and native plant populations from different continents using the model plant Jacobaea vulgaris. We examined several microscopical structure traits, toughness, amount of cell wall proteins, growth and root-shoot ratio, which is a proxy for tolerance. The results show that invasive Jacobaea vulgaris have thinner leaves, lower leaf mass area, lower leaf cell wall protein contents and a lower root-shoot ratio than native genotypes. It indicates that invasive genotypes have poorer structural defense and tolerance to herbivory but potentially higher growth compared to native genotypes. These findings are in line with the Evolution of Increased Competitive Ability hypothesis and Shifting Defense Hypothesis. We also show that the invasiveness of this species in three geographically separated regions is consistently associated with the loss of parts of its quantitative defense and tolerance ability. The simultaneous change in quantitative defense and tolerance of the same magnitude and direction in the three invasive regions can be explained by parallel evolution. We argue that such parallel evolution might be attributed to the absence of natural enemies rather than adaptation to local abiotic factors, since climate conditions among these three regions were different. Understanding such evolutionary changes helps to understand why plant species become invasive and might be important for biological control.

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Section: Growth Traits and Tolerancementioning

confidence: 98%