Defence Is a Priority in Female Juveniles and Adults of Taxus baccata L.

Nowak, Kinga; Giertych, M.; Pers‐Kamczyc, Emilia; Thomas, Peter A.; Iszkuło, Grzegorz

doi:10.3390/f12070844

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Also, according to Iszkuło et al (2009), for the studied yew populations, male specimens had greater height and breast height diameter. On the other hand, according to a study by Nowak et al (2021), female individuals had a higher starch content than male individuals, but this discrepancy may result from a different method of determining insoluble carbohydrates and less frequent sampling (only four times a year). The differences observed between the needles of different age classes may reflect their different developmental and physiological state in a given period of the season (Silkina and Vinokurova 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Gender- and season-related variability in the content of proteins, amino acids, and carbohydrates in Taxus baccata needles of different age

Zarek¹

2022

Biologia plant.

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The present study aimed to determine if the needles of male and female European yew (Taxus baccata L.) trees differ in their content of basic compounds (proteins, amino acids, and carbohydrates), and whether the observed differences result only from the gender factor or if they are also associated with the needles' age and season. The study was conducted on male and female European yew specimens, collected from the Botanical Garden of the Jagiellonian University in Krakow during three seasons. Male specimens had significantly higher content of insoluble carbohydrates compared to the females ones. In the first year of the needles life, the dry mass and content of soluble carbohydrates increased significantly. In the third year of the needles' life, the content of amino acids increased significantly and the content of soluble proteins decreased. The highest differences between the genders in the individual months were observed in the soluble carbohydrates and amino acids amounts and the least in the soluble proteins. The growth of the new needles seems to be at least partly sustained by carbohydrates remobilization from the older needles. In conclusion, male and female yews differ in their metabolism. These gender differences may vary with the needles' age. For this reason, the needle samples of different age should not be mixed, and the sampling time should be chosen carefully. For one-year-old needles, a potentially interesting gender marker may be an increased content of free amino acids in June and July, and high content of soluble carbohydrates in January, while for two-year-old needles, an increased content of free amino acids in male individuals from September. March seems to be an interesting month, as it shows significant differences between the genders in terms of all biochemical features studied in this research.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Gender- and season-related variability in the content of proteins, amino acids, and carbohydrates in Taxus baccata needles of different age

Zarek¹

2022

Biologia plant.

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“…Moreover, they are particularly vulnerable to the effects of climate and environmental changes [ 26 , 27 ]. Most prior research analysed the impacts of environmental changes concerning dioecious plant growth, biomass allocation, and seedling survival, but the long-term impact on the reproductive success of plants has rarely been studied [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ]. Thus, for many woody species, there is still a lack of a molecular sex marker, and the plant sex can be described only by reproductive structures generated on the shoots [ 33 , 34 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seed Quantity or Quality?—Reproductive Responses of Females of Two Dioecious Woody Species to Long-Term Fertilisation

Pers‐Kamczyc

Mąderek

Kamczyc

2022

IJMS

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Although seed quality and quantity, as well as reproductive performance are important life history stages of plants, little is known about the reproductive responses of trees to environmental changes such as increased anthropogenic deposition of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). Dioecious plants are good models with which to test the environmental impact on female or male reproductive responses individually. We analysed effects of different long-term nutritional availability on the reproductive performance of two dioecious species (Taxus baccata L. and Juniperus communis L.) characterised by different life histories. By using pot experiments with vegetatively propagated plants grown in different fertilisation conditions, we observed an increase in plant growth and strobili production but a decrease in seed efficiency. Seeds produced by fertilised plants had greater seed mass. Fertiliser addition did not change C or N content nor the C/N ratio of T. baccata seeds, but increased N content and the N/P ratio; however, it did lower the C/N ratio in J. communis. Fertilisation did not change the metabolite profile in T. baccata but 18 metabolites were changed in J. communis. The study revealed new links between species life history, environmental changes, and reproduction. The findings imply that future environmental conditions may alter both seed productivity, and quality, as well as plant reproductive behaviour.

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Long-Term Maternal Fertilizer Addition Increased Seed Size but Decreased Germination Capacity and Offspring Performance in Taxus baccata L.

Pers‐Kamczyc

Suszka

2022

Forests

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Plant fitness and species persistence depend on seed quantity and their ability to germinate and produce viable offspring. Although maternal environment can have a great impact on seed quality, few studies are pointing to the transgenerational effect of maternal environment on germination rate and offspring traits. Moreover, global changes connected to nitrogen and phosphorus deposition can also impact plants’ reproductive performance. Here, we collected Taxus baccata L. seeds produced by the same genotype female plants grown in different nutritional regimes. We use them to analyze seed size and the impact of long-term fertilization on germination capacity and offspring traits. Our results show that long-term maternal fertilizer addition increases the ratio of large seeds produced, but at the same time decreases germination capacity compared to control and nonfertilized plants. Moreover, it was demonstrated that maternal environment impacts seed traits and germination rate, and seed mass rather than maternal environment impacts offspring performance. Therefore, the study provides information on how the maternal environment regulates seed traits and germination capacity as well as seedling growth to adapt to increased nitrogen and phosphorus deposition and improves prediction about plants’ response to global environmental changes.

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Defence Is a Priority in Female Juveniles and Adults of Taxus baccata L.

Cited by 4 publications

References 53 publications

Gender- and season-related variability in the content of proteins, amino acids, and carbohydrates in Taxus baccata needles of different age

Gender- and season-related variability in the content of proteins, amino acids, and carbohydrates in Taxus baccata needles of different age

Seed Quantity or Quality?—Reproductive Responses of Females of Two Dioecious Woody Species to Long-Term Fertilisation

Long-Term Maternal Fertilizer Addition Increased Seed Size but Decreased Germination Capacity and Offspring Performance in Taxus baccata L.

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