Defence responses in rice plants in prior and simultaneous applications of Cladosporium sp. during leaf blast suppression

Abstract

An alternative method to control rice blast (Magnaporthe oryzae) is to include biological agent in the disease management strategy. The objective of this study was to assess the leaf blast-suppressing effects of rice phylloplane fungi. One Cladosporium sp. phylloplane fungus was shown to possess biocontrolling traits based on its morphological characteristics and an analysis of its 18S ribosomal DNA. Experiments aimed at determining the optimal time to apply the bioagent and the mechanisms involved in its rice blast-suppressing activities were performed under controlled greenhouse conditions. We used foliar spraying to apply the Cladosporium sp. 48 h prior to applying the pathogen, and we found that this increased the enzymatic activity. Furthermore, in vitro tests performed using isolate C24 showed that it possessed the ability to secrete endoxylanases and endoglucanases. When Cladosporium sp. was applied either prior to or simultaneous with the pathogen, we observed a significant increase in defence enzyme activity, and rice blast was suppressed by 84.0 and 78.6 %, respectively. However, some enzymes showed higher activity at 24 h while others did so at 48 h after the challenge inoculation. Cladosporium sp. is a biological agent that is capable of suppressing rice leaf blast by activating biochemical defence mechanisms in rice plants. It is highly adapted to natural field conditions and should be included in further studies aimed at developing strategies to support ecologically sustainable disease management and reduce environmental pollution by the judicious use of fungicidal sprays.

Pathogen Infection and Host-Resistance Interactively Affect Root-Associated Fungal Communities in Watermelon

“…Mortierella sp., Penicillium sp., and Cladosporium sp. are known as fungal antagonists possessing a general disease suppressiveness (Van Bruggen and Semenov, 2000;Li et al, 2014;Chaibub et al, 2016). Co-occurrence networks revealed distinct patterns within the fungal communities of the roots and the rhizosphere that were relatively simple in roots compared to the rhizosphere, as also observed previously (Hartman et al, 2018).…”

Maternal effects shape the seed mycobiome in Quercus petraea

“…Seeds also contained fungal pathogens and antagonists of the pathogens. For instance, we detected two foliar pathogens of Fagaceae tree species, M. tassiana and T. carpini (Bacigálová, 1991; Schubert et al ., 2007), and a mycoparasite of Taphrina species, C. delicatulum (Baharvandi & Zafari, 2015; Chaibub et al ., 2016). Our network analyses revealed a positive association between T. carpini and C. delicatulum , in line with the mycoparasitic interaction described in the literature between these two species.…”

The Interaction between Rice Genotype and Magnaporthe oryzae Regulates the Assembly of Rice Root-Associated Microbiota

“…Typically, Ascomycota dominates the fungal community in rice paddy fields (Jiang et al 2016 ; Yuan et al 2018 ), and some members of this phylun are rice pathogens, such as M. oryzae ( Pyricularia oryzae ), the causal agent of rice blast (Chaibub et al 2016 ). In general, the sexual phase Pyricularia oryzae has a heterothallic mating system determined by a single master locus that carries either a Mat1–1 or Mat1–2 sequences, which leads to a high degree of variability in disease development by M. oryzae isolates (Bardwell, 2005 ; Kang et al, 1994 ).…”