Defending Against Smart Grayhole Attack Within MANETs: A Reputation-Based Ant Colony Optimization Approach for Secure Route Discovery in DSR Protocol

Ourouss, Kaoutar; Naja, Najib; Jamali, Abdellah

doi:10.1007/s11277-020-07711-6

Cited by 29 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Furthermore, the qualitative and quantitative node categorisation in existing RTM models has not been exhaustively analysed. Some past works on RTM systems [5,6,[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]30] categorised nodes based on the good or bad behaviours they exhibited in the network. In this paper, we presented a categorisation in which a distinctive baseline is drawn between a node's active network operations such as successful, or unsuccessful forwarding of packets, and its passive operations, such as the accuracy of the recommendations disseminated about other nodes.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If node A wants to compute the total reputation of a target node B. Node A sends a second-hand reputation request to all its neighbours that are 1-hop away, apart from node B. Node A has already evaluated the direct reputation vector R ab of node B as R fp , R dp , R mmp 〉 = 0.900, 0.100, 0.000〉. (14) If all the 1-hop neighbours that have previously had an experience with node B send second-hand reputation replies to node A, it carries out the deviation test before computing the aggregated reputation of node B. Only second-hand reputations that are valid are incorporated into the aggregated reputation evaluation as seen in Table 2.…”

Section: Aggregated Second-hand Reputationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Robust Dirichlet Reputation and Trust Evaluation of Nodes in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Chiejina

Xiao

Christianson

et al. 2022

Sensors

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The distributed nature of mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) presents security challenges and vulnerabilities which sometimes lead to several forms of attacks. To improve the security in MANETs, reputation and trust management systems (RTMS) have been developed to mitigate some attacks and threats arising from abnormal behaviours of nodes in networks. Generally, most reputation and trust systems in MANETs focus mainly on penalising uncooperative network nodes. It is a known fact that nodes in MANETs have limited energy resources and as such, the continuous collaboration of cooperative nodes will lead to energy exhaustion. This paper develops and evaluates a robust Dirichlet reputation and trust management system which measures and models the reputation and trust of nodes in the network, and it incorporates candour into the mode of operations of the RTMS without undermining network security. The proposed RTMS employs Dirichlet probability distribution in modelling the individual reputation of nodes and the trust of each node is computed based on the node’s actual network performance and the accuracy of the second-hand reputations it gives about other nodes. The paper also presents a novel candour two-dimensional trustworthiness evaluation technique that categorises the behaviours of nodes based on their evaluated total reputation and trust values. The evaluation and analyses of some of the simulated behaviours of nodes in the deployed MANETs show that the candour two-dimensional trustworthiness evaluation technique is an effective technique that encourages and caters to nodes that continuously contribute to the network despite the reduction in their energy levels.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Aggregated Second-hand Reputationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Robust Dirichlet Reputation and Trust Evaluation of Nodes in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Chiejina

Xiao

Christianson

et al. 2022

Sensors

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“…The RACODSR [9] proposes a new secure variant of DSR protocol based on a trust evaluation system to identify and defeat smart grayhole attacks. The proposed mechanism combines two interacting subsystems to monitor the node's behavior and investigate their malicious intents.…”

Section: The Reputation-based Ant Colony Optimization Dynamic Source ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Analysis of RACODSR Protocol in Smart Grayhole Attacks on VANets

Ourouss¹,

Naja²,

Jamali³

2018

ICST Transactions on Mobile Communications and Applications

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As a subclass of Mobile Adhoc Networks (MANets), Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) is a set of interconnecting vehicles that aim to provide a wide spectrum of encouraging road services, such as safety and traffic management. This key component of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), is impacted by the vehicle's mobility and suffers from frequent link disruptions caused voluntarily or intentionally by malicious attackers, which make the security issue more challenging and even life-threatening when critical attacks occurred. This work focuses on analyzing the smart grayhole attacks within VANets environments and evaluating the Reputation-based Ant Colony Optimization Dynamic Source Routing (RACODSR) and Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) protocols performances under two different scenarios. For this purpose, VANets mobility models with and without collisions are generated using OpenStreetMap and Simulation of Urban Mobility (SUMO) tools and simulated in Network Simulator NS2 to assess the effectiveness of the compared protocols using the Drop rate, Packet Delivery Ratio, Throughput, Jitter, End-to-End delay, and consumed energy metrics.

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“…Frequent packet drop that lead to lower throughput is another major performance issue that is yet to be solved in these networks. As explained in [19], gray-hole attacks are serious challenges in MANETs. In these attacks, some packets are dropped along the communication path.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A survey on security challenges in the current MANET routing protocols

Korir¹,

Cheruiyot²

2022

Global J. Eng. Technol. Adv.

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Wireless communication employs radio technology to facilitate data transmission without any fixed infrastructures. A mobile ad hoc network is an example of this data transmission technique, which comprises of devices such as smart phones, laptops and printers. Some of the key features of mobile ad hoc networks include self-creation, self-organization and also self-administration. Owing to the frequent mobility of the network nodes and the dynamic topology, mobile ad hoc networks are vulnerable to numerous security threats. For instance, the nodes are open and the links can be disconnected, leading to the degradation of network performance. To mitigate these problems, several protocols and techniques have been proposed in literature. This paper provides some detailed review of these protocols, as well as the discussion of other state of the art protocols that have been developed to cope with challenges of the legacy routing and security protocols. These protocols were established to be either proactive or reactive. In addition, it has been noted that these protocols have some merits as well as challenges that may impede their applicability. Consequently, more efficient and secure routing protocols are required for optimal network performance. Therefore, some recommendations are given towards the end of this paper on some features that ideal routing and security protocol should have.

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Defending Against Smart Grayhole Attack Within MANETs: A Reputation-Based Ant Colony Optimization Approach for Secure Route Discovery in DSR Protocol

Cited by 29 publications

References 23 publications

A Robust Dirichlet Reputation and Trust Evaluation of Nodes in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

A Robust Dirichlet Reputation and Trust Evaluation of Nodes in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Performance Analysis of RACODSR Protocol in Smart Grayhole Attacks on VANets

A survey on security challenges in the current MANET routing protocols

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