Defense responses in tomato landrace and wild genotypes to early blight pathogenAlternaria solaniinfection and accumulation of pathogenesis-related proteins

Abstract

Plants dispense localised and systemic defense responses against biotic colonisers and plant resistance to pathogens depends upon timely recognition of pathogen infection and subsequent rapid activation of defense responses through signal transduction pathways. Induction of host defense responses involving compatible and incompatible interactions in tomato landrace, LE996, LE150 and LE1165 (Solanum lycopersicum), and wild relatives, Seijima Jeisei and I979 (S. hirsutum) genotypes, and early blight (EB) pathogen, Alternaria solani were studied. Accumulation patterns of different defense related proteins in resistant genotypes (LE996, Seijima jeisei and I979) and susceptible genotypes (LE150 and LE1165) are reported here. Challenge inoculation led to similar protein profiles in resistant genotypes yielding 11 proteins, unique are 14, 54, and 58 kD proteins that are absent with susceptible genotypes. Resistant genotypes accumulated more proteins well in advance, 6-h after challenge inoculation. Resistant genotype LE996 expressed 54%, 90%, and 52% enhanced enzymatic activity of peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and phenylalanine ammonia lyase respectively than susceptible LE150 and correlated phenolics accumulation peaked 2-d after challenge inoculation. Activity gel assay indicated the unique expression of PO1 and PO2 in LE996 upon challenge inoculation. Significant increase in expression of chitinases (63%) and b-1,3-glucanase (71%) upon challenge inoculation than susceptible LE150 control was recorded. Western blotting indicated the unique presence of less than 30 kD chitinase in resistant LE996 and Seijima Jeisei and was absent in susceptible LE150. The results demonstrate the importance of pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins in EB resistance and their use as biochemical markers for genotype selection.

Effect of replacement of de-hulled barley with water-soaked barley in corn–soybean meal-based diet on growth performance, blood characteristics, and meat quality in finishing pigs

“…The IgG concentration was significantly higher in WB1 and WB2 during week 4 and week 8 of the experiment compared to DB. β-glucanase is reported to be the most important hydrolytic enzyme for increasing resistance against microbial infection, indicating better immune response because the induction of β-1,3-glucanase in various plants like barley, wheat, rice, and sorghum in response to fungal pathogens clearly demonstrates the involvement of the enzyme in defence response (Salim et al 2011;Gupta et al 2013). The possible/ potential reason for the increased level of immunoglobulin G, an antibody, in WB, is due to the presence of β-glucanase enzymes that might have improved the beneficial micro-organism in the gastrointestinal tract, thereby improving the immunity to fight against antigens produced by bacterial and viral infections even during week 4 in WB1.…”

Gene selection for studying frugivore-plant interactions: a review and an example using Queensland fruit fly in tomato

“…PPO1 gene overexpression increased tomato plant resistance against S. litura larvae ( Thipyapong et al, 2004 ; Mahanil et al, 2008 ). Both PPO1 and PPO2 genes were highly expressed in tomato leaves infested by Alternaria solani fungi ( Salim et al, 2011 ).…”

Tomato Landraces Are Competitive with Commercial Varieties in Terms of Tolerance to Plant Pathogens—A Case Study of Hungarian Gene Bank Accessions on Organic Farms

“…are among the most economically important diseases of tomato [30][31][32][33]. In the past, researchers have successfully used tomato landraces as sources of resistance against pathogens or diseases, such as Verticillium dahliae [34] or early blight [35]. Heirloom tomatoes were compared to hybrid varieties inside a high tunnel in organic production.…”