Defensible Space Theory

Abstract

Defensible space theory was proposed by an architect named Oscar Newman in 1972. The theory suggests that the physical design of a living environment can be used to reduce crime. Newman posited that three key elements − territoriality, surveillance, and image/milieu − act both individually and in concert to assist in the creation of a safe environment. The theoretical framework, modifications and evolution of the theory, criticisms, and practical applications are discussed in this entry.