Defensins in the honeybee antiinfectious protection

Il’yasov, R. S.; Гайфуллина, Л. Р.; Салтыкова, Е. С.; Poskryakov, A. V.; Nikolaenko, A. G.

doi:10.1134/s0022093013010015

Cited by 31 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The immune defences employed against fungi such as A. apis are similar to those employed in defence against bacteria such as P. larvae (Aronstein and Saldivar 2005;Ilyasov et al 2013). Both fungi and gram-positive bacteria are known to induce the Toll signalling pathway in Drosophila melanogaster (Feldhaar and Gross 2008), and although honey bees have fewer functional AMPs than solitary insects such as D. melanogaster , the same pathways appear to be induced leading to upregulation of the same antimicrobial effectors, including abaecin, defensin 1 and defensin 2 (Evans et al 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The AMP defensin takes two forms, defensin 1 and defensin 2, which are thought to have different roles within the honey bee colony. Defensin 1 appears to be associated with social immunity, and defensin 2 individual immunity (Klaudiny et al 2005;Ilyasov et al 2013). Our study specifically measured defensin 2 because we were interested in individual immunocompetence of larvae, but we found no significant variation in its expression between larval genotypes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Defensin 2 is synthesised by the cells of the fat body and is regulated by interaction between both the Toll and Imd pathways (Ilyasov et al 2013), suggesting that perhaps its role may be involved in more broad spectrum aspects of immunity and growth of honey bee larvae if its constituent expression is relatively uniform across genotype and ontogeny. This was in contrast to the expression levels of abaecin , which was expressed at a much higher level in old larvae, and its expression significantly differed between genotypes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, another AMP shown to have considerable variation in expression after infection is defensin (Evans 2004), despite its expression levels not being associated with colonylevel disease resistance (Evans and Pettis 2005). However, defensin takes two forms: defensin 1, which has been suggested to be involved in social immunity because it may potentially be transferred trophallactically, and defensin 2, which is more likely be involved in individual immunity (Klaudiny et al 2005;Ilyasov et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Innate expression of antimicrobial peptides does not explain genotypic diversity in resistance to fungal brood parasites in the honey bee

et al. 2015

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-The genetic basis of host resistance to parasites is a fundamental aspect of host-parasite co-evolution, yet the precise mechanisms often remain unclear. Here, we follow on from a previous study on the genetically mediated variation in resistance to two common fungal brood parasites that cause chalkbrood and stonebrood in the honey bee. We assessed whether genetically mediated variation in resistance can be explained by the baseline immunocompetence of different larval genotypes by correlating the constitutive expression of two key immune genes with the observed level of resistance of each larval genotype to four different fungal brood parasites. We found significant variation between larval genotypes in the constitutive expression of abaecin but not defensin 2 , but despite a suggestion of negative correlations between gene expression and resistance level in older larvae, there was no consistent evidence that baseline abaecin expression is a relevant predictor of resistance to these parasites. These results suggest that the constitutive expression of abaecin appears to have a genetic basis in honey bee larvae but that mechanisms other than innate expression of antimicrobial peptides might be more important in defence against the specific fungal brood parasites assessed here.Apis mellifera / abaecin / defensin / antimicrobial peptide / Ascosphaera apis / Aspergillus flavus

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Innate expression of antimicrobial peptides does not explain genotypic diversity in resistance to fungal brood parasites in the honey bee

et al. 2015

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“…In the honey bee's immune system, the antimicrobial peptides (AMP) are the significant components [7]. Four types of AMP are found in bees: apidaecin present in twelve isoforms [8], abaecin [9], hymenoptaecin [10],) and defensin present in two isoforms [10,11,12,13]. AMP is similar to antibiotics and can be used in the development of drugs with antifungal and antibacterial properties [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inducible Antimicrobial Compounds (Halal) Production in Honey Bee Larvae (Apis mellifera) from Rumaida, Taif by injecting of various dead Microorganisms extracts

2017

J App Biol Biotech

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In the current study, the antimicrobial compounds in induced Honey bee larvae (Apis mellifera) from the Taif region were extracted from hemolymph and assigned as Halal safe product. Their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were evaluated. Five different microbes, namely Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aureus, Candida albicans and Micrococous luteus were used in this study by the agar diffusion assay method. The antibacterial activity of induced honey bee larvae was studied against the 5 above mentioned organisms and the MIC was differentiated from their inhibition for varies microbial growth. The inducible antimicrobial compounds extracted from honey bee larvae hemolymph, after one day at room temperature were used for minimum inhibitory concentration studied. The results showed appreciable antimicrobial activity (6±1) when the larvae were injected with 15µl Micrococus leutus total protein extract and when injected with the same concentration (i.e. 15µl Pseudomonas aureus), they showed low activity (4±1) against Candida albicans. The Amoxycillin was used as a standard positive control. The negative control of the Phosphate buffer solvent (PBS) and larvae did not show any activity against all five organisms. All dilutions were executed, minimum inhibitory concentration studies ranging from 10 -1 to 10 -4 did not show any activity. The most inhibition was obtained with induced young larvae at various ages (L4 young larvae and L5-youngest larvae) against Candida albicans.

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Potential Mechanisms and Application of Honeybee Products in Wound Management: Wound Healing by Apitherapy

Oryan

Alemzadeh

2017

Burns, Infections and Wound Management

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Defensins in the honeybee antiinfectious protection

Cited by 31 publications

References 49 publications

Innate expression of antimicrobial peptides does not explain genotypic diversity in resistance to fungal brood parasites in the honey bee

Innate expression of antimicrobial peptides does not explain genotypic diversity in resistance to fungal brood parasites in the honey bee

Inducible Antimicrobial Compounds (Halal) Production in Honey Bee Larvae (Apis mellifera) from Rumaida, Taif by injecting of various dead Microorganisms extracts

Potential Mechanisms and Application of Honeybee Products in Wound Management: Wound Healing by Apitherapy

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