Defensive coping and renovascular disease risk — Adrenal fatigue in a cohort of Africans and Caucasians: The SABPA study

Kock, Andrea de; Malan, Leoné; Hamer, Mark; Cockeran, Marike; Malan, Nico

doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.04.033

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…There still remains no clear cut or generally accepted model for cortisol responses in depression, as both blunted and increased cortisol activities have previously been noted [21,25]. Blunted cortisol responses were apparent in individuals with depressive symptoms after exposure to the Stroop test [13]. This could imply that the presence of depressive symptoms sensitises the individual to stress and the subsequent development of vascular disease and/or other lifestyle illnesses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…the handgrip test, were shown in Black Africans during urbanisation when compared to their rural counterparts [11]. Thus overstimulation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the sympathetic adrenal cortex and medullary stress hormone pathway may explain some of the observed ethnic differences [11][12][13]. Intense emotional stress may induce sympathetic hyperactivity with persistent increases in catecholamine and cortisol levels, which is detrimental to normal physiological processes [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus overstimulation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the sympathetic adrenal cortex and medullary stress hormone pathway may explain some of the observed ethnic differences [11][12][13]. Intense emotional stress may induce sympathetic hyperactivity with persistent increases in catecholamine and cortisol levels, which is detrimental to normal physiological processes [13]. However, during chronic stress this initial hyperactivity may be followed by autonomic exhaustion or depression, receptor hyporesponsivity and decreases in catecholamines and cortisol [14][15][16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Challenged Sympathetic System Is Associated with Retinal Vascular Calibre in a Black Male Cohort: The SABPA Study

Malan¹,

Känel²,

Smith³

et al. 2016

Microcirculation Revisited - From Molecules to Clinical Practice

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Sympathetic system hyperactivity and depression are related to cardiac remodelling in "lack men. We investigated whether sympathetic system hyperactivity and depressive symptoms are related to retinal vascular dysregulation. " total of "lack and White men ( years of age) from the S""P" study were included. Depressive symptoms, h pulse pressure (PP), fasting blood and -hour urinary catecholamine data were obtained. Retinal vascular calibre was quantiied from digital photographs using standardized protocols. "lack men demonstrated increased (p < . ) hyperpulsatile pressure (PP > mmHg), hypertension ( . % vs . %) and depression ( . % vs. . %) prevalence compared to White men. Despite lower epinephrine levels, epinephrine was associated with arteriolar narrowing and venular widening in the "lack men ["dj R − . ( % CI − . , − . ), p= ."dj R . ( % CI . , . ), p= . ]. This might suggest ß-adrenergic hyporesponsivity to epinephrine, which was accompanied by hyperpulsatile blood pressure in the "lack group. In the White group, depressive symptoms and norepinephrine were associated with retinal arteriolar narrowing. " proile of ß-adrenergic hyporesponsivity, indicative of a chronically challenged sympathetic system, was associated with retinal vascular remodelling in "lack men. ß-adrenergic hyporesponsivity as a result of chronic stress emphasized central control of the brain on the circulatory system irrespective of the vascular bed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Challenged Sympathetic System Is Associated with Retinal Vascular Calibre in a Black Male Cohort: The SABPA Study

Malan¹,

Känel²,

Smith³

et al. 2016

Microcirculation Revisited - From Molecules to Clinical Practice

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“…Individuals living in socioeconomically deprived inner cities have disproportionately high rates of obesity, Type 2 diabetes, cancer and cardio-metabolic conditions, all of which have stress-and physical inactivityrelated etiologies [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. The cost of these diseases is enormous, where the direct annual medical costs for obesity exceed $300b [15], and societal tolls include declining or stagnating life expectancy, particularly in low-income communities [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of active neighborhoods in Detroit (StAND): study protocol for a natural experiment evaluating the health benefits of ecological restoration of parks

Pearson¹,

Pfeiffer²,

Gardiner³

et al. 2020

BMC Public Health

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Background Individuals living in deprived inner cities have disproportionately high rates of cancers, Type 2 diabetes and obesity, which have stress- and physical inactivity-related etiologies. This study aims to quantify effects of ecological park restoration on physical activity, stress and cardio-metabolic health outcomes. Methods The Study of Active Neighborhoods in Detroit is a quasi-experimental, longitudinal panel natural experiment with two conditions (restored park intervention (INT) and control (CNT)) and annual measurements at baseline and 3-years post-restoration. Individuals (sampled within 500 m of an INT/CNT park) serve as the unit of analysis. Restoration (n = 4 parks) involves replacing non-native plants and turf with native plants; creating trails; posting signage; and leading community stewardship events. The CNT condition (n = 5) is an unmaintained park, matched to INT based on specified neighborhood conditions. Recruitment involves several avenues, with a retention goal of 450 participants. Park measures include plant/avian diversity; usage of the park (SOPARC); signs of care; auditory environment recordings; and visual greenness using 360 imagery. Health outcomes include device-based physical activity behavior (primary outcome); salivary cortisol (secondary outcome); and several downstream health outcomes. Exposure to the INT will be assessed through visual contact time and time spent in the park using GPS data. Changes in health outcomes between years and INT versus CNT will be tested using generalized linear (mixed) models. Discussion Our study will examine whether restored urban greenspaces increase physical activity and lower stress, with public health planning implications, where small changes in neighborhood greenspaces may have large health benefits in low-income neighborhoods. Study Registration Registration: OSF Preregistration registered March 31, 2020. Accessible from https://osf.io/surx7.

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Emotional Stress as a Risk for Hypertension in Sub-Saharan Africans: Are We Ignoring the Odds?

Malan

2016

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

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Globally most interventions focus on improving lifestyle habits and treatment regimens to combat hypertension as a non-communicable disease (NCD). However, despite these interventions and improved medical treatments, blood pressure (BP) values are still on the rise and poorly controlled in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Other factors contributing to hypertension prevalence, such as chronic emotional stress, might provide some insight for future health policy approaches.Currently, Hypertension Society guidelines do not mention emotional stress as a probable cause for hypertension. Recently the 2014 World Global Health reports, suggested that African governments should consider using World Health Organization hypertension data as a proxy indicator for social well-being. However, the possibility that a stressful life and taxing environmental factors might disturb central neural control of BP regulation has largely been ignored in SSA.Linking emotional stress to vascular dysregulation is therefore one way to investigate increased cardiometabolic challenges, neurotransmitter depletion and disturbed hemodynamics. Disruption of stress response pathways and subsequent changes in lifestyle habits as ways of coping with a stressful life, and as probable cause for hypertension prevalence in SSA, may be included in future preventive measures. We will provide an overview on emotional stress and central neural control of BP and will include also implications thereof for clinical practice in SSA cohorts.

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Defensive coping and renovascular disease risk — Adrenal fatigue in a cohort of Africans and Caucasians: The SABPA study

Cited by 13 publications

References 37 publications

A Challenged Sympathetic System Is Associated with Retinal Vascular Calibre in a Black Male Cohort: The SABPA Study

A Challenged Sympathetic System Is Associated with Retinal Vascular Calibre in a Black Male Cohort: The SABPA Study

Study of active neighborhoods in Detroit (StAND): study protocol for a natural experiment evaluating the health benefits of ecological restoration of parks

Emotional Stress as a Risk for Hypertension in Sub-Saharan Africans: Are We Ignoring the Odds?

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