Deferrivibrio essentukiensis sp. nov., gen. nov., a Representative of Deferrivibrionaceae fam. nov., Isolated from the Subsurface Aquifer of Caucasian Mineral Drinking Waters

Abstract

The Yessentukskoye deposit of Caucasian mineral waters contains balneologically valuable drinking mineral water, which is extracted from the Upper Cretaceous 1 km subsurface aquifer and is almost unexplored by microbiologists. We have sampled this water via continuously operating production wells, characterized the phylogenetic diversity of its microbial community, and obtained enrichments of thermophilic iron reducers from the source aquifer. From the enrichments, a novel anaerobic thermophilic bacterium, reducing Fe(III) in the mineral ferrihydrite with acetate as the electron donor, was isolated into a pure culture. The novel isolate, designated as strain Es71-Z0220T belonging to Deferribacterales order, is thermophilic, neutrophilic, halotolerant, motile vibrio. It utilizes synthesized ferrihydrite, fumarate, nitrate or elemental sulfur as the electron acceptors with organic acids as the electron donors. The strain is incapable of soluble Fe(III) complexes reduction and fermentative growth. The draft genome assembly of strain Es71-Z0220T resulted in 65 contigs with a total size of ca. 2.3 Mb. On the basis of whole-genome phylogenetic reconstruction and physiological characterization, the novel isolate was considered to represent a novel family, genus and species for which the name Deferrivibrio essentukiensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. Genome analysis revealed key determinants of anaerobic respiration and carbon substrate utilization pathways in the organism with peculiarities related to putative Fe(III)-reducing electron transfer chain. Considering the revealed metabolic features of Deferrivibrio essentukiensis, the involvement of the organism in its subsurface environment in biogeochemical by carbon cycling by coupling the organic matter oxidation with Fe(III) minerals reduction is discussed.

Evolution of the Inhibitory and Non-Inhibitory ε, ζ, and IF1 Subunits of the F1FO-ATPase as Related to the Endosymbiotic Origin of Mitochondria

“…The gene that encodes for the ζ subunit has been proposed to be called AtpZ [ 74 ]. However, the ζ gene is not part of either of the two ATP operons that encode the F 1 and F O parts of the α-proteobacterial F-ATP synthase.…”

The first cultivated representatives of the actinobacterial lineage OPB41 isolated from subsurface environments constitute a novel order Anaerosomatales

“…The basic cation-anion composition of the medium used for pure culture isolation corresponded to that previously determined for Yessentuki no. 4 type mineral water ( Zavarzina et al, 2022 ). The medium contained (per liter distilled water): KH 2 PO 4 , NH 4 Cl, KCl, MgCl 2 ·6H 2 O (0.33 g each), CaCl 2 ·6H 2 O, 0.033 g, NaCl, 2.00 g, NaHCO 3 , 6.00 g, Na 2 S·9H 2 O, 0.01 g, 1 ml trace mineral solution ( Kevbrin and Zavarzin, 1992 ), 1 ml vitamin solution ( Wolin et al, 1963 ).…”

Analysis of the Quality of Bottled Drinking Water Products through a Six Sigma Approach and Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA)

“…Quality mineral drinking water products sold in packaging must pay attention to water color, odor, and taste. The color of the water changes not only due to temperature, packaging, storage, but also the tools used to fill water into the packaging must also be clean (Hussein et al, 2022;Tan et al, 2022;Zavarzina et al, 2022). Jadwal perawatan mesin harus sangat diperhatikan untuk mencegah terjadinya mesin rusak dan produk tidak berkualitas (Fuadiya & Widjajati, 2022;Hossayni et al, 2020).…”