Deficiency in immunoglobulin G2 antibodies against staphylococcal enterotoxin C1 defines a subgroup of patients with atopic dermatitis

Mrabet-Dahbi, S.; Breuer, Kristine; Klotz, Martina; Herz, Udo; Heeg, Klaus; Werfel, Thomas; Renz, Harald

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2222.2005.02192.x

Cited by 21 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Keratinocytes have been shown to up-regulate HLA class II and ICAM-1 after the application of staphylococcal superantigen to the skin (20). Lower levels of IgG2 antibody to S. aureus superantigen have been associated with more severe disease (21). In contrast, the histology of AD shares few features with active S. aureus infection, and staphylococcal infection of the skin of nonatopics does not usually produce an eczematous reaction.…”

Section: Atopy ͉ T Cells ͉ Keratinocytes ͉ Staphylococcusmentioning

confidence: 90%

Bacterial superantigen facilitates epithelial presentation of allergen to T helper 2 cells

Ardern‐Jones

Black

Bateman

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Although clinical and laboratory evidence support roles for both staphylococcal infection and environmental allergens in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis, human studies have largely considered these variables independently. We sought to test the hypothesis that staphylococcal superantigen influences the allergen-specific T cell response. We first mapped a Der p 1 epitope and used HLA DRB1*1501 class II tetramer-based cell sorted populations to show that specific CD4 ؉ T cells were able to recognize the peptide presented by HLA DR-matched keratinocytes. We observed that staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) enhanced the IL-4 Der p 1-specific T cell response. This response was mediated by two synergistic mechanisms: first, SEB-induced IFN-␥ promoted class II and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression by presenting keratinocytes; and second, SEB-induced IL-4 directly amplified allergen-specific CD4 ؉ T cell production of many cytokines. We propose that handling of staphylococcal infection is a critical step in the amplification of the allergen-specific T cell response, linking two common disease associations and with implications for the prevention and treatment of atopic disease.T here is convincing evidence that allergic reactivity to environmental challenge has a role in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD). For example, the histology of AD shares many features with classic allergic contact delayed-type hypersensitivity, including spongiosis and a dominant T cell inflammatory infiltrate that is distributed predominantly in a dermal, and to a lesser extent epidermal pattern. Approximately 80% of individuals with AD have circulating specific IgE recognizing one or more of house dust mite, cat, dog, grass, and other ubiquitous environmental allergens (1). In many studies, allergen-specific CD4 ϩ and CD8 ϩ T cells have been documented to be present in the peripheral blood and lesional skin of affected individuals and to produce diverse cytokines but with a frequent T helper 2 (Th2) dominance (2, 3). House dust mite extract application to the skin of individuals with AD can reproduce eczematous changes (4, 5), and allergen avoidance has been shown by some to be partially effective (6, 7). Keratinocytes have been shown to up-regulate HLA class II and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in AD and other inflammatory dermatoses (8, 9) and also in response to injection of IFN-␥ into normal skin (10). However, in isolation, allergic reactivity to an environmental challenge does not explain all of the features of AD. Twenty percent of affected individuals do not generate IgE responses to such ubiquitous proteins, and it is unclear why disease incidence changes during age and between different geographical regions. The risk of disease is clearly influenced by genetic susceptibility factors, some of which affect the immune response, e.g., polymorphisms of the Fc R1 and IL-4R genes (11-13). However, it is becoming increasingly clear from the genetic studies that skin-specific genes, determining variables s...

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Section: Atopy ͉ T Cells ͉ Keratinocytes ͉ Staphylococcusmentioning

confidence: 90%

Bacterial superantigen facilitates epithelial presentation of allergen to T helper 2 cells

Ardern‐Jones

Black

Bateman

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…15 No IgG2 subclass depletion in AD was detected in our sampling. Some data showed IgG2 deficiency directed against staphylococcal enterotoxin type C1, found in 38% of patients with AD, and in minor scale to SEB 19 ; these authors did not find any absence in IgG4 response, and deletion was more prominent to SEC. Control group antibody profiles differ from those detected in our study, Figure 5 Frequency of IgG subclasses and IgE unresponsiveness to SEB among healthy controls and patients with AD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Staphylococcal enterotoxin B induces specific IgG4 and IgE antibody serum levels in atopic dermatitis

et al. 2014

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“…Finally, 26 articles with a total of 2369 patients were included for further analysis (Fig. ) . Twenty‐one articles reported the sex of the patients, with a mean percentage of male participants of 53·4% (range 28·1–81·8) .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This might help us to understand the role of S. aureus in AD pathogenesis, as well as the mechanisms by which S. aureus causes inflammation. Since 1982, several studies have reported serum antibodies against S. aureus in patients with AD . However, the prevalences of antistaphylococcal antibodies in these studies vary widely.…”

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confidence: 99%

The prevalence of antibody responses againstStaphylococcus aureusantigens in patients with atopic dermatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2018

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Deficiency in immunoglobulin G2 antibodies against staphylococcal enterotoxin C1 defines a subgroup of patients with atopic dermatitis

Abstract: A subgroup of AD patients suffers from a selective deficiency to produce anti-SEC1 IgG2 antibodies. This patient group is characterized by a severe AD phenotype.

Cited by 21 publications

References 34 publications

Bacterial superantigen facilitates epithelial presentation of allergen to T helper 2 cells

Bacterial superantigen facilitates epithelial presentation of allergen to T helper 2 cells

Staphylococcal enterotoxin B induces specific IgG4 and IgE antibody serum levels in atopic dermatitis

The prevalence of antibody responses againstStaphylococcus aureusantigens in patients with atopic dermatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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