Deficiency Mapping of the Genomic Regions Associated With Effects on Developmental Stability in Drosophila Melanogaster

Takahashi, Kazuo H.; Okada, Yasukazu; Teramura, Kouhei; Tsujino, Masahiro

doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2011.01400.x

Cited by 26 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…A few studies of shape in Drosophila found no significant directional asymmetry of wing shape [115][116][117][118][119] or mixed results [120][121][122][123][124][125][126], although a series of other studies did find it [15,16,54,56,62,77,85,123]. Similarly, one study on human skulls [127] found no directional asymmetry of shape, whereas several others reported directional asymmetry of the skull [47,68,84,86,90,94,109] and soft tissues of the face and ears [38,66,98,104,105,108].…”

Section: Directional Asymmetrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, the asymmetry scores are not in units of Procrustes distance, and therefore are not easily related to other measures of shape variation in the data. The asymmetry measure using Mahalanobis distance is used in an increasing number of studies, comparing levels of fluctuating asymmetry between groups or correlating it with factors that might influence developmental instability, both for structures with matching symmetry [77,124] and with object symmetry [90,98,108,137,253].…”

Section: Individual Measures Of Fluctuating Asymmetry Of Shapementioning

confidence: 99%

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Analyzing Fluctuating Asymmetry with Geometric Morphometrics: Concepts, Methods, and Applications

2015

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Approximately two decades after the first pioneering analyses, the study of shape asymmetry with the methods of geometric morphometrics has matured and is a burgeoning field. New technology for data collection and new methods and software for analysis are widely available and have led to numerous applications in plants and animals, including humans. This review summarizes the concepts and morphometric methods for studying asymmetry of shape and size. After a summary of mathematical and biological concepts of symmetry and asymmetry, a section follows that explains the methods of geometric morphometrics and how they can be used to analyze asymmetry of biological structures. Geometric morphometric analyses not only tell how much asymmetry there is, but also provide information about the patterns of covariation in the structure under study. Such patterns of covariation in fluctuating asymmetry can provide valuable insight about the developmental basis of morphological integration, and have become important tools for evolutionary developmental biology. The genetic basis of fluctuating asymmetry has been studied from empirical and theoretical viewpoints, but serious challenges remain in this area. There are many promising areas for further research that are only little explored at present.

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Section: Directional Asymmetrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Individual Measures Of Fluctuating Asymmetry Of Shapementioning

confidence: 99%

Analyzing Fluctuating Asymmetry with Geometric Morphometrics: Concepts, Methods, and Applications

2015

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“…Various Notch mutants are known that produce elevated asymmetry in bristle number, but only in the specific bristle types that they normally affect [58]. On the other hand, Takahashi et al [59] found 92 deficiencies in the Drosophila melanogaster genome that affected FA in one or more morphological traits they measured, and some, but not all of these, also affected the mean of the traits themselves. For mouse mandibles, Leamy et al [54] also found that many, but not all, of the QTLs for 10 different size dimensions mapped in the same regions as those for FA in these dimensions.…”

Section: Nature Of Fa Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Genetic Architecture of Fluctuating Asymmetry of Mandible Size and Shape in a Population of Mice: Another Look

et al. 2015

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Fluctuating asymmetry (FA), typically measured by variation in the differences between right and left sides of bilateral traits, is commonly used to assess developmental instability (DI) in populations. A previous quantitative trait locus (QTL) investigation using an F2 intercross mouse population found little evidence of individual loci affecting FA in mandible size, but an abundance of epistatic interactions between loci. Here we extend this work by testing whether these patterns replicate in an F3 population derived from the same intercross. Using a large number of molecular markers genotyped in over 1200 mice, we uncovered significant interactions between loci (QTLs) affecting FA in mandible size (and shape). Epistasis contributed roughly 20% of the variation in FASIZE and 19% of the variation in FASHAPE at the 0.0001 probability level alone, and was comparable to that previously estimated for the F2 mice, and much greater than that generated from the few OPEN ACCESSSymmetry 2015, 7 147 single-locus QTLs affecting the mandible FA traits. The positions of the single-locus and epistatic QTLs for FA that we discovered suggested that logical candidate genes for DI are those controlling size or shape in the traits themselves, and that they may be interacting with genes for heat shock proteins.

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“…Based on the wing size and thorax length data of 20 species of the genus Drosophila, SSD in wing size highly correlates with SSD in thorax length (correlation coefficient: 0.848, Po0.00001; as calculated with the index described in the following section using data from table 1 in Huey et al, (2006)), indicating that wing size SSD can appropriately represent whole-body SSD. Takahashi et al (2011b) measured centroid size based on eight landmarks placed on the wing veins. Here, we used these centroid size data to evaluate wing size dimorphism between females and males.…”

Section: Materials and Methods Datasetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of genomic deficiencies on sexual size dimorphism through modification of developmental time in Drosophila melanogaster

Takahashi

Blanckenhorn

2015

Heredity

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Sexual size dimorphism (SSD), a difference in body size between sexes, is common in many taxa. In insects, females are larger than males in 470% of all taxa in most orders. The fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster is one prominent model organism to investigate SSD since its clear and representative female-biased SSD and its growth regulation are well studied. Elucidating the number and nature of genetic elements that can potentially influence SSD would be helpful in understanding the evolutionary potential of SSD. Here, we investigated the SSD pattern caused by artificially introduced genetic variation in D. melanogaster, and examined whether variation in SSD was mediated by the sex-specific modification of developmental time. To map the genomic regions that had effects on sexual wing size and/or developmental time differences (SDtD), we reanalyzed previously published genome-wide deficiency mapping data to evaluate the effects of 376 isogenic deficiencies covering a total of~67% of the genomic regions of the second and third chromosomes of D. melanogaster. We found genetic variation in SSD and SDtD generated by genomic deficiencies, and a negative genetic correlation between size and development time. We also found SSD and SDtD allometries that are not qualitatively congruent, which however overall at best only partly help in explaining the patterns found. We identified several genomic deficiencies with the tendency to either exaggerate or suppress SSD, in agreement with quantitative genetic null expectations of many loci with small effects. These novel findings contribute to a better understanding of the evolutionary potential of sexual dimorphism.

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Deficiency Mapping of the Genomic Regions Associated With Effects on Developmental Stability in Drosophila Melanogaster

Cited by 26 publications

References 80 publications

Analyzing Fluctuating Asymmetry with Geometric Morphometrics: Concepts, Methods, and Applications

Analyzing Fluctuating Asymmetry with Geometric Morphometrics: Concepts, Methods, and Applications

The Genetic Architecture of Fluctuating Asymmetry of Mandible Size and Shape in a Population of Mice: Another Look

Effect of genomic deficiencies on sexual size dimorphism through modification of developmental time in Drosophila melanogaster

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