Deficit in cognitive shifting ability in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has been reported in association with some neurological diseases that affect the basal ganglia such as Tourette's syndrome, Sydenham's chorea, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease. Furthermore, studies such as neuroimaging, suggest a role of the basal ganglia in the pathophysiology of OCD. The aim of this paper is to describe the association of OCD and several neurologic disorders affecting the basal ganglia, report the existing evidences of the role of the basal ganglia in the pathophysiology of OCD, and analyze the mechanisms probably involved in this pathophysiology.

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“…Studies of OCD have shown impairment of visuospatial ability 59,60,61,62, non-verbal memory 61,63,64 , and executive functions 59,65,66,67,64 .…”

Section: The Basal Ganglia and The Pathophysiology Of Ocdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between obsessive-compulsive disorders and diseases affecting primarily the basal ganglia

et al. 1999

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“…In particular, a robust increase of time and trials needed to reach criteria should be found in the EDS compared to the IDS stages. As illustrated in Figure 4, in our experiment with the 'stuck-in-set' protocol, analysis of performance of the mice revealed a discrimination effect for the number of trials (F (8,168) =9.23; p<0.0001) and time (F (8,168) =8.62; p<0.0001) required to reach criteria. Indeed, mice needed more trials and more time to solve the EDS stage compared to the CD, IDS, IDS2 and EDSRe stages (p<0.05; Figure 4A-B).…”

Section: Representative Resultsmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…The most widely used neuropsychological tasks for measuring attentional set-shifting and cognitive flexibility in humans are the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) 2 and a more recent and more refined version: the intra-and extra-dimensional attentional set-shifting (ID/ED) of the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) 3,4 . These tasks have been used to identify specific cognitive abnormalities in a wide range of mental disorders including autism 5 , schizophrenia 6 , Parkinson's disease 7 , obsessive compulsive disorders 8 and attention-deficit/hyperactive disorders 9 . The clinical relevance and solid methodological approach of the WCST and the ID/ED tests have attracted interest in the implementation of similar tests in preclinical research 10,11 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Operant Intra-/Extra-dimensional Set-shift Task for Mice

Scheggia

Papaleo

2016

JoVE

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Alterations in executive control and cognitive flexibility, such as attentional set-shifting abilities, are core features of several neuropsychiatric diseases. The most widely used neuropsychological tests for the evaluation of attentional set-shifting in human subjects are the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and the CANTAB Intra-/Extra-dimensional set shift task (ID/ED). These tasks have proven clinical relevance and have been modified and successfully adapted for research in animal models. However, currently available tasks for rodents present several limitations, mainly due to their manual-based testing procedures, which are hampering translational advances in psychiatric medicine. To overcome these limitations and to better mimic the original version in primates, we present the development of a novel operant-based twochamber ID/ED "Operon" task for rodents. We demonstrated the effectiveness of this novel task to measure different facets of cognitive flexibility in mice including attentional set formation and shifting, and reversal learning. Moreover, we show the high flexibility of this task in which three different perceptual dimensions can be manipulated with a high number of stimuli cues for each dimension. This novel ID/ED Operon task can be an effective preclinical tool for drug testing and/or large genetic screening relevant to the study of executive dysfunction and cognitive symptoms found in psychiatric disorders.

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“…ADHD is related to the spectrum of movement disorders as Tourette syndrome and OCD 1 . It is known that OCD subjects have impairment in visual-spatial skills [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] related to the right hemisphere, and dyslexics are impaired in writing and reading, preponderantly a left hemisphere task 1 .…”

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confidence: 99%

“…We wanted to observe implicitly which hand, eye or foot would be used by OCD patients. Besides the impairment in visualspatial skills, OCD patients are also impaired in executive tasks 2,7,10,[15][16][17][18][19][20] . Merckelbach et al 21 applying questionnaires in patients with anxiety disorders found 83% of right hand dominance, 10% of left hand dominance and 6.5% with ambidextricity, but without assessment of eye or foot preference.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Eye-hand preference dissociation in obsessive-compulsive disorder and dyslexia

Siviero

Rysovas

Juliano

et al. 2002

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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-Dyslexia may be a development disturbance in which there are alterations in visual-spatial and visual-motor processing, while obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a psychiatric disease in which there are alterations in memory, executive function, and visual-spatial processing. Our hypothesis is that these disturbances may be, at least partially, the result of a crossed eye and hand preference. In the present study 16 controls, 20 OCD (DSM-IV criteria) and 13 dyslexic adults (Brazilian Dyslexia Association criteria) were included. All had a neurological examination, the Yale-Brown scale for obsessive-compulsive symptoms application and the Zazzó evaluation for laterality, abridged by Granjon. Results showed a right hand preference for 100% of controls, 84.6% of dyslexics, and 75% of OCD patients and a right eye preference for 73.3% of controls, 69.2% of dyslexics, and 35% of OCD patients. The left eye preference was significantly higher in OCD when compared with the two other groups (p = 0.01) and the left hand preference of OCD patients (25%) was also significant when compared to Brazilian population (4%) or British population (4.5%). It is possible that this crossed preference may be partially the reason for visual-spatial and constructive disturbances observed in OCD.KEY WORDS: obsessive-compulsive disorder, dyslexia, eye preference, laterality, handedness, procedural memory. Dissociação da preferência ocular e manual em pacientes com transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo e dislexiaRESUMO -A dislexia pode resultar de distúrbio do desenvolvimento e apresenta alterações no processamento visuo-espacial e visuo-motor, enquanto o transtorno obsessivo compulsivo (TOC) é uma alteração psiquiátrica na qual podem ocorrer alterações de memória, função executiva e visuo-espacial. Nossa hipótese é que parte destes distúrbios pode decorrer da preferência ocular e manual cruzadas. Foram avaliados 16 indivíduos normais, 20 pacientes com TOC, (critérios da DSM-IV) e 13 adultos disléxicos (critérios da Associação Brasileira de Dislexia). Todos passaram por exame neurológico, avaliação de sintomas obsessivos-compulsivos pela escala Yale-Brown e pela bateria para avaliação da lateralidade de Zazzó versão reduzida de Granjon. Os resultados mostraram a preferência pela mão direita de 84,6% nos disléxicos, 100% nos normais e 80% em TOC. A preferência ocular pelo olho direito foi de 69,2% nos disléxicos, 73,3% nos normais e apenas 35% nos TOC, com significância de p=0,01 quando comparada aos outros dois grupos.A preferência da mão esquerda pelo grupo de pacientes com TOC (25%) foi também significante quando comparada com os resultados da população brasileira em geral (4%) ou da população inglesa (4,5%). É possível que esta dominância cruzada seja responsável, em parte, pelas dificuldades visuo-espaciais e construcionais observadas no TOC. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: transtorno obsessivo compulsivo, dislexia, preferência ocular, lateralidade, preferência manual, memória procedural. Attention deficits and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in ch...

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Deficit in cognitive shifting ability in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder

Cited by 208 publications

References 9 publications

Relationship between obsessive-compulsive disorders and diseases affecting primarily the basal ganglia

Relationship between obsessive-compulsive disorders and diseases affecting primarily the basal ganglia

An Operant Intra-/Extra-dimensional Set-shift Task for Mice

Eye-hand preference dissociation in obsessive-compulsive disorder and dyslexia

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