Deficits in the implicit retention of new associations by alcoholic Korsakoff patients

Cermak, Laird S.; Bleich, Rebecca Pratt; Blackford, Susan

doi:10.1016/0278-2626(88)90005-x

Cited by 95 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Past research indicates that a main effect of context is not found when participants perform a nonconceptual encoding task like vowel counting (Graf & Schacter, 1985;Schacter & Graf, 1986a; but see Micco & Masson, 1991), even though a main effect is found when participants perform a conceptual encoding task like generating sentences that meaningfully relate the pair words (Graf & Schacter, 1985Schacter & Graf, 1986a. In addition, some amnesic patients exhibit impaired context effects in this paradigm (Cermak, Bleich, & Blackford, 1988;Schacter & Graf, 1986b;Shimamura & Squire, 1989), and the effects they do exhibit are correlated with word fluency measures (Mayes & Gooding, 1989). Finally, normal participants exhibit decreased context effects in this paradigm when cue words are homographs that are given different interpretations at test and encoding (Micco & Masson, 1991).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Form-specific visual priming for new associations in the right cerebral hemisphere

1996

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In three experiments, we examined the internal processing mechanisms of relatively independent visual-form subsystems. Participants first viewed centrally presented word pairs and then completed word stems presented beneath context words in the left or right visual field. Letter-case-specific priming in stem completion was found only when the context word was the same word that had previously appeared above the primed completion word and the items were presented directly to the right cerebral hemisphere. This pattern of results was not found when participants deliberately recollected previously presented words when completing the stems. Results suggest that holistic processing, not parts-based processing as assumed in many contemporary theories of visual-form recognition, is performed in a subsystem that distinguishes specific instances in the same abstract category of form and that operates more effectively in the right hemisphere than in the left hemisphere.The ability to distinguish specific instances in the same abstract category of visual form is an important human faculty. One can differentiate a particular cup from other cups as well as an individual's signature from other written versions of the same set ofletters. An interesting aspect of this ability is that most theories of visual-form recognition, aside from theories that address only face recognition (e.g., Bruce & Young, 1986;Rhodes, 1985), do not focus on how it is accomplished. Most theories focus instead on the ability to distinguish different abstract types of visual forms (e.g., Biederman, 1987;Morton, 1979). Of course, the latter ability is also important and interesting. One can distinguish a cup from a pen, as well as the word form "cup" from the word form "pen," even when the input is an instance that has not been seen before. In the research reported in this article, we tested whether at least relatively independent processing subsystems support the two abilities. More importantly, we examined form-specific priming for novel holistic structures to test whether holistic processing, as opposed to parts-based processing of the sort assumed in many contemporary theories of visual form recognition (e.g., Biederman, 1987;Morton, 1979), characterizes the operations in a subsystem that distinguishes specific instances in an abstract category of form. VISUAL-FORM SUBSYSTEMSWe hypothesize that a specific visual-form (SVF) subsystem underlies recognition of specific instances of forms and operates more effectively in the right cerebral hemisphere (RH) than in the left cerebral hemisphere (LH). In contrast, an abstract visual-form (AVF) subsystem supports recognition of abstract categories of forms and operates more effectively in the LH than in the RH. These subsystems likely focus on different properties of visual-form inputs to achieve different goals. SVF SubsystemIn order to produce different outputs when different instances in the same abstract category appear as inputs, an SVF subsystem must process a form's visually distinctive information ef...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Form-specific visual priming for new associations in the right cerebral hemisphere

1996

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“…On the one hand, several studies have shown intact priming for novel word pairs in amnesic patients, using tasks that require identification of briefly presented word pairs (Gabrieli, Keane, Zarella, & Poldrack, 1997; see also Musen & Squire, 1993) or speeded identification in the form of reading or lexical decision (Goshen-Gottstein, Moscovitch, & Melo, 2000;Moscovitch, Winocur, & McLachlan, 1986). On the other hand, several stem completion studies have shown impaired priming for new verbal associations in amnesia (Cermak, Bleich, & Blackford, 1988;Mayes & Gooding, 1989;Schacter & Graf, 1986b;Shimamura & Squire, 1989).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…By contrast, new associative priming in the stem completion task, which is impaired in amnesia, depends on the establishment of a meaningful link between the words at study (Schacter & Graf, 1986a) and is, therefore, conceptual in nature. Findings from the stem completion task, however, need to be interpreted with caution, since associative priming in that task is sometimes unreliable even in normal participants (Cermak et al, 1988).…”

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confidence: 99%

Implicit memory for novel conceptual associations in amnesia

Verfaellie

Martin

Page

et al. 2006

Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience

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“…By contrast, there is less agreement concerning the nature of the system or process that subserves priming (cf. Cermak et al, 1985;Cohen, 1984;Gabrieli et al, 1990;Moscovitch, Winocur, & McLachlan, 1986;Schacter, 1987b;Squire, 1987).…”

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confidence: 99%

Preserved Priming of Novel Objects in Patients with Memory Disorders

Schacter

Cooper

Tharan

et al. 1991

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

118

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Amnesic patients perform poorly on explicit memory tests that require conscious recollection of recent experiences, but frequently show preserved facilitations of performance or priming effects on implicit memory tasks that do not require conscious recollection. We examined implicit memory for novel visual objects on an object decision test in which subjects decide whether structurally possible and impossible objects could exist in three-dimensional form. Patients with organic memory disorders showed robust priming effects on this task---object decision accuracy was higher for previously studied objects than for nonstudied objects---and the magnitude of priming did not differ from matched control subjects or college students. However, patients showed impaired explicit memory for novel visual objects on a recognition test. We argue that priming is mediated by the structural description system, a subsystem of the perceptual representation system, that operates at a presemantic level and is preserved in amnesic patients.

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Deficits in the implicit retention of new associations by alcoholic Korsakoff patients

Cited by 95 publications

References 11 publications

Form-specific visual priming for new associations in the right cerebral hemisphere

Form-specific visual priming for new associations in the right cerebral hemisphere

Implicit memory for novel conceptual associations in amnesia

Preserved Priming of Novel Objects in Patients with Memory Disorders

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