Déficits neuropsicológicos asociados a la relación entre abuso de cocaína y violencia: mecanismos neuronales facilitadores

Romero‐Martínez, Ángel; Moya-Albiol, Luís

doi:10.20882/adicciones.194

Cited by 14 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The second objective was to explore whether impulsivity and drug misuse moderates the association between alexithymia and the previously mentioned variables (dropout and risk of reoffending). Following the conclusions of previous research [9,15,16,17], we expected to find a solid link between alexithymia, dropout, and the risk of recidivism in IPVAW perpetrators with the highest levels of impulsivity and drug misuse.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

The Importance of Considering Alexithymia during Initial Stages of Intimate Partner Violence Interventions to Design Adjuvant Treatments

Romero‐Martínez

Lila

2019

IJERPH

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Empirical evidence supports that individuals with alexithymia might be prone to certain types of violence, such as intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW). Moreover, considering that alexithymia is directly involved in behavior regulation, problems due to identifying and regulating emotional states might be postulated as responsible, at least in part, for the success of psychotherapeutic treatments designed for decreasing the future risk of reoffending. Therefore, we assessed whether alexithymia was a good predictor of the discontinuation of treatment (dropout) and the risk of recidivism during the initial stages of intervention in a sample of men convicted of IPVAW perpetration (n = 118), while controlling for potential confounding variables (i.e., socio-demographic characteristics, impulsivity, and drug misuse). Our data demonstrate that high alexithymic traits lead to dropout and a high risk of recidivism during the initial stages of treatment, remaining significant even after including potential confounding variables. Even though impulsivity and drug misuse increase the amount of explained variance, none of them moderates the association of alexithymia with dropout and/or reoffending. It should be noted that this study identified alexithymia as a direct modulator of violence due to its effects on discontinuing IPVAW treatment during initial stages. Therefore, as we gain knowledge analyzing the relationships between previously mentioned factors, it could be applied to develop valid screening methods along with strengthening current rehabilitation programs and designing adjuvant treatments to increase their effectiveness.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

The Importance of Considering Alexithymia during Initial Stages of Intimate Partner Violence Interventions to Design Adjuvant Treatments

Romero‐Martínez

Lila

2019

IJERPH

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“…As previously stated, it appears that prefrontal structures tend to maintain inhibitory projections to other brain structures involved in emotional reactivity, such as the amygdala and/or the insula, and so the failure to regulate this reactivity might lead to high irritability or hostile reactions [8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15]. Although these studies did not analyze the RSFC between these brain structures, all of the manuscripts that were included in this systematic review found a diminished RSFC connectivity between the PFC and amygdala, which has been associated with proneness to experiencing feelings of anger and difficulties in controlling anger expression [34,35,39,46,47,50].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies using fMRI to assess brain networks have demonstrated that altered functional connectivity across distant brain regions might make individuals prone to violence [8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15]. In fact, most of the research in this field has highlighted that the alteration in the cerebral connectivity between the key nodes involved in emotional and cognitive behavioral regulation might explain this proneness to violence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Particularly, the inhibitory malfunction of the frontal lobe (i.e., prefrontal structures, frontal gyrus…) would lead to an overactivation of the limbic system (i.e., amygdala, hypothalamus, hippocampus…), which under certain stimuli might facilitate impulsive and/or reactive violence. In this regard, it has been suggested that the activation of frontal structures facilitates self-regulation and control over emotion-related behaviors by attenuating limbic responses to emotional stimuli and/or the context [8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15]. By contrast, several authors demonstrated that individuals characterized by predatory and instrumental violence (proactive) might present normal prefrontal cortex (PFC) functioning, and an increase in dorsolateral PFC activation has even been described during emotion processing tasks in these individuals [16,17,18,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Brain Resting-State Functional Connectivity Underlying Violence Proneness: Is It a Reliable Marker for Neurocriminology? A Systematic Review

Romero‐Martínez

González

Lila

et al. 2019

Behavioral Sciences

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Introduction: There is growing scientific interest in understanding the biological mechanisms affecting and/or underlying violent behaviors in order to develop effective treatment and prevention programs. In recent years, neuroscientific research has tried to demonstrate whether the intrinsic activity within the brain at rest in the absence of any external stimulation (resting-state functional connectivity; RSFC) could be employed as a reliable marker for several cognitive abilities and personality traits that are important in behavior regulation, particularly, proneness to violence. Aims: This review aims to highlight the association between the RSFC among specific brain structures and the predisposition to experiencing anger and/or responding to stressful and distressing situations with anger in several populations. Methods: The scientific literature was reviewed following the PRISMA quality criteria for reviews, using the following digital databases: PubMed, PsycINFO, Psicodoc, and Dialnet. Results: The identification of 181 abstracts and retrieval of 34 full texts led to the inclusion of 17 papers. The results described in our study offer a better understanding of the brain networks that might explain the tendency to experience anger. The majority of the studies highlighted that diminished RSFC between the prefrontal cortex and the amygdala might make people prone to reactive violence, but that it is also necessary to contemplate additional cortical (i.e., insula, gyrus [angular, supramarginal, temporal, fusiform, superior, and middle frontal], anterior and posterior cingulated cortex) and subcortical brain structures (i.e., hippocampus, cerebellum, ventral striatum, and nucleus centralis superior) in order to explain a phenomenon as complex as violence. Moreover, we also described the neural pathways that might underlie proactive violence and feelings of revenge, highlighting the RSFC between the OFC, ventral striatal, angular gyrus, mid-occipital cortex, and cerebellum. Conclusions. The results from this synthesis and critical analysis of RSFC findings in several populations offer guidelines for future research and for developing a more accurate model of proneness to violence, in order to create effective treatment and prevention programs.

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“…La impulsividad ha sido relacionada con el consumo de drogas y con otras conductas problemáticas en múltiples estudios, observándose en adictos, menor capacidad de inhibición de respuesta, dificultades para la reflexión y la planificación y tendencia a elegir reforzadores menores y más cercanos en tareas de demora de la gratificación (Olmstead, 2006), así como a presentar conductas violentas, pobre regulación comportamental y menor empatía (Romero-Martínez y Moya-Albiol, 2015). La relación entre impulsividad y abuso de sustancias muestra una relación robusta, a lo largo de muy diferentes estudios, identificándose como una de las variables más consistentemente vinculadas tanto al contacto temprano con sustancias como a la progresión en la adicción (Belin, Mar, Dalley, Robbins y Everitt, 2008;Gullo, Loxton y Dawe, 2014;Motos-Sellés, Cortés-Tomás, Giménez-Costa, y Cadaveira-Mahía, 2015;Stauzt y Cooper, 2013).…”

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Perfiles de drogodependientes en relación con variables y trastornos de personalidad

2016

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In recent decades, research has identified a set of impulsive/ disinhibited personality variables closely associated with drug addiction. As well as this, disorders linked with these variables, such as ADHD and personality disorders, are being closely studied in the field of drug addiction. Although much knowledge has been accumulated about the relation of these variables and disorders taken separately, less is known about how these constructs allow identify-specific profiles within the drug dependent population to be identified. This work, on the basis of data collected on a sample of drug addicts in treatment, analyzes how impulsiveness, sensation seeking, self-control, ADHD and personality disorders contribute to identifying specific profiles of addicts. Cluster analysis allowed two profiles to be outlined according to these personality and psychopathology characteristics. Self-control, impulsiveness, impulsive and antisocial personality disorders, as well as scores in ADHD, emerge as the variables that contribute more to profile differentiation. One of these profiles (56.1% of participants) with a high disinhibition pattern, is associated with severe indicators of consumption and criminal career patterns. These results allow us to emphasize the role of personality and impulsiveness-related disorders in the identification of distinctive profiles within the addict population, and suggest the need to generate treatment strategies adapted to personal/psychopathology configurations of drug addicts.

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Déficits neuropsicológicos asociados a la relación entre abuso de cocaína y violencia: mecanismos neuronales facilitadores

Cited by 14 publications

References 53 publications

The Importance of Considering Alexithymia during Initial Stages of Intimate Partner Violence Interventions to Design Adjuvant Treatments

The Importance of Considering Alexithymia during Initial Stages of Intimate Partner Violence Interventions to Design Adjuvant Treatments

The Brain Resting-State Functional Connectivity Underlying Violence Proneness: Is It a Reliable Marker for Neurocriminology? A Systematic Review

Perfiles de drogodependientes en relación con variables y trastornos de personalidad

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