Defining a standard metric for electricity savings

Koomey, Jonathan; Akbari, Hashem; Blumstein, Carl; Brown, Marilyn A.; Brown, Richard E.; Calwell, Chris; Carter, Sheryl; Cavanagh, Ralph; Chang, Audrey; Claridge, D. E.; Craig, Paul; Diamond, Rick; Eto, Joseph H.; Fulkerson, W.; Gadgil, Ashok; Geller, Howard; Goldemberg, José; Goldman, Charles A.; Goldstein, David; Greenberg, Steve; Hafemeister, David; Harris, Jeff; Harvey, Hal; Heitz, Eric; Hirst, Eric; Hummel, Holmes; Kammen, D. M.; Kelly, Henry; Laitner, Skip; Levine, Mark; Lovins, Amory B.; Masters, Gil; McMahon, James E.; Meier, Alan; Messenger, Michael; Millhone, John P.; Mills, Evan; Nadel, Steve; Nordman, Bruce; Price, Lynn; Romm, Joe; Ross, Marc Howard; Rufo, Michael; Sathaye, Jayant; Schneider, Stephen H.; Sweeney, James L.; Verdict, M.; Vorsatz, Diana; Wang, Devra; Weinberg, Carl J.; Wilk, Richard; Wilson, J. A.; Worrell, Ernst

doi:10.1088/1748-9326/5/1/014017

Cited by 19 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Applying our median whole-building energy-saving value (i.e., not best practices) to the stock of US nonresidential buildings corresponds to an annual energysaving potential of $30 billion by the year 2030, which in turn corresponds to annual greenhouse gas emissions of about 340 Mt of CO 2 each year (or 110 "Rosenfelds", per Koomey et al (2010)). …”

Section: The National-scale Potential For Commissioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Building commissioning: a golden opportunity for reducing energy costs and greenhouse gas emissions in the United States

Mills

2011

Energy Efficiency

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164

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Commissioning is arguably the single most cost-effective strategy for reducing energy, costs, and greenhouse gas emissions in buildings today. Although commissioning has earned increased recognition in recent years, it remains an enigmatic practice whose visibility severely lags its potential. The application of commissioning to new buildings ensures that they deliver or exceed the performance and energy savings promised by their design and intended operation. When applied to existing buildings, commissioning identifies deficiencies and the almost inevitable "drift" from intended performance over time, and carries out interventions to put the building back on course. More formally, commissioning is a systematic, forensic approach to quality assurance and performance risk management, rather than a technology per se. This article presents the world's largest compilation and meta-analysis of commissioning experience and the associated literature, comprising 643 non-residential buildings, 99 million ft 2 of floorspace, $43 million in commissioning expenditures, and the work of 37 commissioning providers. The median normalized cost to deliver commissioning is $0.30/ft 2 ($2009 currencies) for existing buildings and $1.16/ft 2 for new construction (or 0.4% of the overall construction cost). The one third of projects for which data are available reveal over 10,000 energy-related deficiencies, the correction of which resulted in 16% median wholebuilding energy savings in existing buildings and 13% in new construction, with payback times of 1.1 and 4.2 years, respectively. Because energy savings exceed commissioning costs, the associated reductions in greenhouse gas emissions come at a "negative" cost of −$110/tonne CO 2 for new buildings and −$25/tonne for new construction. Cases with comprehensive commissioning attained nearly twice the overall median level of savings and five times the savings of the least-thorough projects. Significant non-energy benefits such as improved indoor air quality are also achieved. Applying the median whole-building energysaving values to the US non-residential buildings stock corresponds to an annual energy-saving potential of $30 billion (and 340 Mt of CO 2 ) by the year 2030.

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Section: The National-scale Potential For Commissioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Building commissioning: a golden opportunity for reducing energy costs and greenhouse gas emissions in the United States

Mills

2011

Energy Efficiency

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164

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“…In this regard, a wide range of literature [40] has viewed energy effi ciency as a generous and relatively inexpensive resource of energy. Levine et al [41] concluded that buildings house a signifi cant amount of energy effi ciency potential, which can be realised using existing energy effi ciency technologies. Hence, reuse of historic buildings can and should be undertaken to extend building life and better capture the energy savings available through newer technologies.…”

Section: The Emerging Area Of Concernmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy efficiency for sustainable reuse of public heritage buildings: the case for research

Akande¹,

Odeleye²,

Coday³

2014

Int. J. SDP

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There is a wide consensus that buildings, as major energy consumers and sources of greenhouse gas emissions must play an important role in mitigating climate change. This has led to increasing concern and greater demand to improve energy effi ciency in buildings. Although, there has been increased efforts to reduce energy consumption from existing building stock; the heritage sector still needs to accelerate its efforts to improve energy effi ciency and reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. Presently, much concentration has been on improving the energy effi ciency of heritage buildings in the domestic sector while, the non-domestic sector has only received little attention. In particular, studies focusing on reuse and adaptation of heritage buildings for public use to achieve more effi cient use of energy are urgently required. The main focus of this paper is the need for research into sustainable reuse of public heritage buildings with reference to maximising energy effi ciency in the process of considering their conversion to other uses. The paper presents part of a broader on-going research with the aim to investigate problems associated with maximising energy effi ciency in reuse and conversion of public heritage buildings. It identifi es the ability of heritage buildings to play a role in global reduction of energy use and CO 2 emission whilst maintaining its unique characteristics. Issues and challenges associated to improving energy effi ciency in heritage building conversion projects were discussed. Holistic approach through identifi cation of various options and innovative techniques for their sustainable reuse were suggested. The paper concluded that in spite of the exemption of listed buildings from energy performance requirements, these buildings can still accommodate some energy effi ciency improvements. However, further studies to identify the most suitable options for long term sustainability is required if the goal to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 80% by 2050 is to be achieved.

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“…In line with Koomey et al 2010, we use the unit of Rosenfeld for denoting energy savings. One Rosenfeld=3TWh/year, or approximately one 500MW (i.e.medium power plant).…”

Section: Cost To Consumer Of Conserved Electricity (Ccec) Versus Roommentioning

confidence: 99%

“…about 123 medium sized power plants(or 369 TWh/year). (Koomey et al 2010) If the costs of peak power, backup generation or power outages are included in the consideration of cost-effectiveness, due to the high peak coincidence of Room AC use, the ESEER levels that would be considered to be cost effective would be even higher than those shown in column D, along with correspondingly higher savings to those bearing these costs (i.e.taxpayers, other ratepayers etc. )…”

Section: W/w Is Cost Effective Leading Tomentioning

confidence: 99%

Cooling the Planet: Opportunities for Deployment of Superefficient Room Air Conditioners

Shah¹

2013

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Defining a standard metric for electricity savings

Cited by 19 publications

References 21 publications

Building commissioning: a golden opportunity for reducing energy costs and greenhouse gas emissions in the United States

Building commissioning: a golden opportunity for reducing energy costs and greenhouse gas emissions in the United States

Energy efficiency for sustainable reuse of public heritage buildings: the case for research

Cooling the Planet: Opportunities for Deployment of Superefficient Room Air Conditioners

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