Defining an international cut-off of two-legged countermovement jump power for sarcopenia and dysmobility syndrome

Abstract

Summary We aimed to establish jump power cut-offs for the composite outcome of either sarcopenia (EWGSOP2) or dysmobility syndrome using Asian and Caucasian cohorts. Estimated cut-offs were sex specific (women: < 19.0 W/kg; men: < 23.8 W/kg) but not ethnicity specific. Jump power has potential to be used in definitions of poor musculoskeletal health. Purpose Weight-corrected jump power measured during a countermovement jump may be a useful tool to identify individuals with poor musculoskeletal health, but no cut-off values exist. We aimed to establish jump power cut-offs for detecting individuals with either sarcopenia or dysmobility syndrome. Methods Age- and sex-matched community-dwelling older adults from two cohorts (University of Wisconsin-Madison [UW], Korean Urban Rural Elderly cohort [KURE], 1:2) were analyzed. Jump power cut-offs for the composite outcome of either sarcopenia defined by EWGSOP2 or dysmobility syndrome were determined. Results The UW ( n = 95) and KURE ( n = 190) cohorts were similar in age (mean 75 years) and sex distribution (68% women). Jump power was similar between KURE and UW women (19.7 vs. 18.6 W/kg, p = 0.096) and slightly higher in KURE than UW in men (26.9 vs. 24.8 W/kg, p = 0.050). In UW and KURE, the prevalence of sarcopenia (7.4% in both), dysmobility syndrome (31.6% and 27.9%), or composite of either sarcopenia or dysmobility syndrome (32.6% and 28.4%) were comparable. Low jump power cut-offs for the composite outcome differed by sex but not by ethnicity (< 19.0 W/kg in women; < 23.8 W/kg in men). Low jump power was associated with elevated odds of sarcopenia (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 4.07), dysmobility syndrome (aOR 4.32), or the composite of sarcopenia or dysmobility syndrome (aOR 4.67, p < 0.01 for all) independent of age, sex, height, and ethnicity. Conclusion Sex-specific jump power cut-offs were found to detect the presence of either sarcopenia or dysmobility syndrome in older adults independent of Asian or Caucasian ethnicity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00198-020-05591-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Geriatrics Fact Sheet in Korea 2021

“…Recent population-based studies have investigated diagnostic tools for sarcopenia (Table 5). [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39] Calf circumference has been proposed as a surrogate marker of muscle mass because it was well correlated not only with appendicular muscle mass and skeletal muscle index but also with physical function. 40) In addition, skeletal muscle radiodensity measured using computed tomography at the third lumbar vertebra level was positively associated with jump power, which was positively correlated with sarcopenia, as defined by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2).…”

“… 40 ) In addition, skeletal muscle radiodensity measured using computed tomography at the third lumbar vertebra level was positively associated with jump power, which was positively correlated with sarcopenia, as defined by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2). 34 ) Recently, a novel sarcopenia phenotype score (SPS), which is the sum of each abnormal sarcopenic marker (low muscle mass, low handgrip strength, and slow gait speed), was proposed in the Aging Study of PyeongChang Rural Area cohort. The SPS showed better dose-response predictability of adverse health outcomes (mortality and institutionalization) compared to the pre-existing sarcopenia definition, especially the revised definition from the EWGSOP.…”

Jump Power Predicts Fracture Risk in Older Adults Independent of Sarcopenia and FRAX

“…Kaplan–Meier curve for incident fracture by jump power groups. ( A ) Low jump power was defined as composite of unable to jump and jump power lower than threshold (<19.0 W/kg in women; <23.8 W/kg in men ( 14 ) ). ( B ) Sarcopenia was defined using AWGS 2019 definition.…”

“… a Low jump power was defined as jump power lower than prespecified threshold (<23.8 W/kg in men; <19.0 W/kg in women) or unable to jump. ( 14 ) …”

“…(10) Low jump power was associated with prevalent vertebral fracture, low lean mass and impaired physical performance, and dysmobility syndrome. (11)(12)(13)(14) However, predictive value of jump power for incident fracture risk remains understudied.…”