Defining and Estimating the Scope of U.S. Faith-Based International Humanitarian Aid Organizations

Austin, Thad S.; King, David P.; Bergdoll, Jon; Fulton, Brad R.

doi:10.1007/s11266-021-00450-7

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Censuses and public opinion surveys of religiosity show declining numbers of organized believers and declining trust in churches (Public Opinion Research Center, 2021). Austin et al (2022, p. 13) noted that since “religious affiliation and activity… are some of the most important predictors of prosocial behavior generally and philanthropic donations to both religious and secular causes specifically,” there would be an expectation that charitable donations would decline as the United States became less religious. That has not been the case, since charitable giving in the United States “continues to increase in terms of raw dollars and remains relatively steady as a share of income” (Austin et al, 2022, p. 13).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Austin et al (2022, p. 13) noted that since “religious affiliation and activity… are some of the most important predictors of prosocial behavior generally and philanthropic donations to both religious and secular causes specifically,” there would be an expectation that charitable donations would decline as the United States became less religious. That has not been the case, since charitable giving in the United States “continues to increase in terms of raw dollars and remains relatively steady as a share of income” (Austin et al, 2022, p. 13). However, relatively little is known about the situation in the Central and Eastern European countries.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Church charity fundraising in a decreasingly religious society: Case of the Three Kings Collection in the Czech Republic

Dostál

Hyánek

2023

Journal of Philanthropy and Marketing

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Our research addresses the research gap of church charity fundraising in times of decreasing religiosity in the context of post‐communist countries while reflecting international trends. However, the research gap can also be understood more broadly as the inadequate understanding of faith‐based charities. We know “relatively little about how faith‐based NGOs practice policy advocacy and even less about their roles in the education and formation of faith communities in the donor countries” (Nelson, Religious voices in the politics of international development, Palgrave Macmillan, 2021, p. 14). The spiritual background of faith‐based charities and the impact of that background on society have been completely unexplored in the Czech context. The paper examines the “Three Kings Collection” (TKC), an annual fundraising event, during which tens of thousands of volunteer carolers dress as the three kings on their way to meet the newborn Jesus, visiting public places in cities and going door‐to‐door in villages, singing the Three Kings Carol, and asking for donations to the Caritas mission to help people in need. The paper aims to identify the size and scope of the revenues of the TKC and the size, scope, and value of volunteering against a background of decreasing religiosity and declining trust in churches. We also identify the Caritas strategies for overcoming periods of crisis and the challenges facing the TKC that may intensify over time. We articulate the research implications in the field of national and international giving and volunteering.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Church charity fundraising in a decreasingly religious society: Case of the Three Kings Collection in the Czech Republic

Dostál

Hyánek

2023

Journal of Philanthropy and Marketing

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“…Take religion as an example. Religion is a well-known, yet underexplored, logic operating in the nonprofit sector that exhibits characteristics of both an activity and an identity (Austin et al, 2022; Clerkin & Grønbjerg, 2007; Ralph et al, 2022). Prior research establishes that religious congregations are the most numerous type of nonprofit organization (Brauer, 2017; Fulton & King, 2023), that they receive nearly one-third of charitable dollars (Giving USA, 2020) and that they mobilize more volunteers than any other type of nonprofit (Grønbjerg & Never, 2004).…”

Section: Institutional Logics and The Measurement Of Organizational I...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Activity and Identity: Uncovering Multiple Institutional Logics in the Nonprofit Sector

Ressler

Fulton

Paxton

2023

Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly

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Nonprofit organizations are influenced by multiple institutional logics. However, data and methodological limitations have restricted scholars to classifying organizations solely according to activity-based logics and hindered investigation of alternative logics. This article presents a method for measuring organizational identity—a critical component of the multiple logics framework. To illustrate our method, we focus on religious identity. Using dictionary-based text analysis, we analyze Form 990 data to identify nonprofit organizations that share the same activity-based logic (e.g., education, arts, and health care) but operate with different identity-based logics (religious vs. secular). To demonstrate the value of measuring organizational identity at scale, we compare religiously identified organizations with their secular counterparts. Results suggest there are approximately 670,000 religious and religiously identified organizations in the nonprofit sector and illustrate the importance of operationalizing multiple institutional logics for nonprofit research. Extensions include creating additional dictionaries and large-scale measures of other organizational identities, including race/ethnicity, gender, LGBTQIA+, and politics.

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“…money in grants. Amount given to foreign grantees: given religious people's predilection for giving to international aid (Schnable, 2015;Austin et al, 2022;Gazley et al, 2022), we expected faith-based foundations, compared to secular foundations, to distribute more grant funds to foreign grantees.…”

Section: Comparing Faith-based and Secular Foundationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Faith-Based Public Foundations: Identifying the Field and Assessing Its Impact

Ralph¹,

Fulton²,

Allen³

2022

The Foundation Review

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Charitable activity is a core tenet of most faith traditions, and many charitable organizations have a religious identity. However, little is known about the prevalence and scale of faith-based foundations, and how they differ from secular foundations. This study identifies the field of public foundations, differentiates between faith-based and secular foundations, and compares their characteristics by analyzing Form 990 data. Our analysis estimates that 24% of all public charities operate as foundations and that 17% of public foundations are faith-based. We use these findings to generate first-ever estimates for the entire field of public foundations. Based on our analysis and calculations using nonprofit sector data, there are approximately 300,000 public foundations in the U.S., and we estimate that 52,000 of them are faith-based. Collectively, these faith-based public foundations have at least $90 billion in assets, and in 2015, they contributed at least $8 billion to charitable causes. Additional analyses comparing faith-based and secular foundations indicate that faith-based foundations tend to be older, have greater revenue and more assets, receive less money from the government, and distribute more money in grants, especially to international causes. This study provides an important lens through which to examine the field of public foundations and better understand similarities and differences among faith-based and secular foundations. It can help scholars analyze relationships between religion and philanthropy, help grantmakers assess foundations through a faith-based-secular grid, and help grantees identify funders who share a similar orientation toward religion. Overall, this study reveals the meaningful presence of faith-based foundations, indicates the scale of their impact, and underscores religion's enduring and significant influence in the philanthropic sector.

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Defining and Estimating the Scope of U.S. Faith-Based International Humanitarian Aid Organizations

Cited by 6 publications

References 25 publications

Church charity fundraising in a decreasingly religious society: Case of the Three Kings Collection in the Czech Republic

Church charity fundraising in a decreasingly religious society: Case of the Three Kings Collection in the Czech Republic

Activity and Identity: Uncovering Multiple Institutional Logics in the Nonprofit Sector

Faith-Based Public Foundations: Identifying the Field and Assessing Its Impact

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