Defining and measuring gender: A social determinant of health whose time has come

Phillips, Susan P.

doi:10.1186/1475-9276-4-11

Cited by 210 publications

(175 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…For instance, gender differences in responses to pain may be related to physiological mechanisms of the brain or to psychosocial factors or to both (Pinn 2003). Therefore, in medicine it is necessary that we include all features of sex and gender in order to get a clear understanding of health determinants (Phillips 2005).…”

Section: Sex and Gendermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…WHO 2001;van MensVerhulst and Moerman 2002;Pinn 2003;Bekker 2003;Phillips 2005;Hammarström 2007). A diversion of scientists with regard to gender, age, ethnicity, class or sexual orientation is necessary to prevent the perspective of one group to bias research design, approaches, subjects, and interpretations (Rosser 1994).…”

Section: ; Stevens and Van Lamoen 2001) Gender Mainstreaming Is Viewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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From gender bias to gender awareness in medical education

Verdonk

Benschop

Haes

et al. 2008

Adv in Health Sci Educ

171

117

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Gender is an essential determinant of health and illness. Gender awareness in doctors contributes to equity and equality in health and aims towards better health for men and women. Nevertheless, gender has largely been ignored in medicine. First, it is stated that medicine was 'gender blind' by not considering gender whenever relevant. Secondly, medicine is said to be 'male biased' because the largest body of knowledge on health and illness is about men and their health. Thirdly, gender role ideology negatively influences treatment and health outcomes. Finally, gender inequality has been overlooked as a determinant of health and illness. The uptake of gender issues in medical education brings about specific challenges for several reasons. For instance, the political-ideological connotations of gender issues create resistance especially in traditionalists in medical schools. Secondly, it is necessary to clarify which gender issues must be integrated in which domains. Also, some are interdisciplinary issues and as such more difficult to integrate. Finally, schools need assistance with implementation. The integration of psychosocial issues along with biomedical ones in clinical cases, the dissemination of literature and education material, staff education, and efforts towards structural embedding of gender in curricula are determining factors for successful implementation. Gender equity is not a spontaneous process. Medical education provides specific opportunities that may contribute to transformation for medical schools educate future doctors for future patients in

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Section: Sex and Gendermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ; Stevens and Van Lamoen 2001) Gender Mainstreaming Is Viewmentioning

confidence: 99%

From gender bias to gender awareness in medical education

Verdonk

Benschop

Haes

et al. 2008

Adv in Health Sci Educ

171

117

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The concept 'social determinants of health' (see Thisted, 2003), a 'shorthand for describing health approaches that move beyond biomedical and behavioural risk factor approaches to health promotion' (Raphael, 2006, p. 652), is integral to the Barker hypothesis, which suggests that health, like wealth, is distributed socially according to, for example, gender (Denton et al, 2004;Phillips, 2005;Sen and Ostlen, 2008), race and ethnicity, class (Mackenbach and Howden-Chapman, 2003) and human geography. Although this concept is not new, the move is significant because, although in principle they are concerned with 'social factors' in the aetiology of disease, epidemiologists tend to account for them only as statistically confounding variables rather than as causative (Pearce, 1996), especially in the context of what has been called the 'epidemiology wars', debates about the best ways to account for multi-causality (see Shim and Thomson, 2010).…”

Section: Writesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Barker hypothesis and obesity: Connections for transdisciplinarity and social justice

Yoshizawa

2012

Soc Theory Health

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Obesity is the object of incredible amounts of resources and attention purportedly aimed at reducing corpulence and increasing health. Despite this, consensus with respect to the definition, causes or solutions is lacking, making obesity a prominent knowledge controversy. In this article, I argue that the Barker hypothesis, a theory of foetal development, can support the redistribution of expertise necessary to address this knowledge controversy. A vast scientific literature confirms its argument that many diseases can be traced to the conditions for development in utero determined by the commingling of temporally and spatially complex processes. The Barker hypothesis does not support solely reductionist, biophysiological paradigms of health and disease, but rather evinces complex understandings that span biology, social positionality, place and generation. I argue that this makes the hypothesis significant for transdisciplinary studies of health and disease, and prompts consideration beyond the conventional bounds of epidemiology to new sites of understanding and action that may support movements concerned with body politics and justice for fat people. I point to literature on the potential for injustice engendered by the Barker hypothesis, and suggest that these critiques reveal the very necessity for transdisciplinary collaboration on obesity in the first place.

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“…As, when the system fails to find sufficient financial resources to carry out social and economic reforms, how can this system spend more on health care? [61].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beliefs and Attitudes Regarding Determinants of Health in Turkey and Palestine

Wa¹

2017

J Community Med Health Educ

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Defining and measuring gender: A social determinant of health whose time has come

Cited by 210 publications

References 20 publications

From gender bias to gender awareness in medical education

From gender bias to gender awareness in medical education

The Barker hypothesis and obesity: Connections for transdisciplinarity and social justice

Beliefs and Attitudes Regarding Determinants of Health in Turkey and Palestine

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