Defining Disease Phenotypes

Aylsworth, Arthur S.

doi:10.1002/9780471781141.ch2

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 106 publications

(114 reference statements)

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“…A fundamental component of addiction may involve neuroadaptations and/or developmental predispositions involving brain regions necessary for cognitive control of somatic states (Verdejo-Garcia et al, 2006), and judgment and decision-making regarding complex rewards and attention toward goal-objects. Addiction thus may represent a complex syndromic phenotype (Aylsworth, 1998), with multiple effects necessary for compulsive drug use.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cortical Thickness Abnormalities in Cocaine Addiction—A Reflection of Both Drug Use and a Pre-existing Disposition to Drug Abuse?

Makris

Gasic

Kennedy

et al. 2008

Neuron

148

142

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Summary The structural effects of cocaine on neural systems mediating cognition and motivation are not well known. By comparing thickness of neocortical and paralimbic brain regions between cocaine dependent and matched control subjects, we found that four of 18 a priori regions involved with executive regulation of reward and attention were significantly thinner in addicts. Correlations were significant between thinner prefrontal cortex and reduced keypresses during judgment and decision-making of relative preference in addicts, suggesting one basis for restricted behavioral repertoires in drug dependence. Reduced effortful attention performance in addicts also correlated with thinner paralimbic cortices. Some thickness differences in addicts were correlated with cocaine use independent of nicotine and alcohol, but addicts also showed diminished thickness heterogeneity and altered hemispheric thickness asymmetry. These observations suggest brain structure abnormalities in addicts are related in part to drug use, and in part to predisposition toward addiction.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cortical Thickness Abnormalities in Cocaine Addiction—A Reflection of Both Drug Use and a Pre-existing Disposition to Drug Abuse?

Makris

Gasic

Kennedy

et al. 2008

Neuron

148

142

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“…In addition to the need to eliminate diagnostic orphans, changes are needed to define specific AUD symptoms in such a way as to more validly apply to adolescents. An improved AUD classification method for adolescents would yield more appropriate health services delivery (Aylsworth 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The natural history of adolescent alcohol use disorders

2004

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“…The presence of variable expressivity is possible as the broader phenotype might be another expression of the genotype. Variation within and between families may be due to epistasis, environment, chance or mosaicism, while variation between families may be due to allelic or locus heterogeneity (45).…”

Section: Mode Of Inheritancementioning

confidence: 99%

The genetics of autism

Lauritsen

Ewald

2001

Acta Psychiatr Scand

110

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As well family, twin, cytogenetic and molecular genetic studies supported the importance of genetic risk factors in infantile autism. In most individual cases probably at least a few gene variants simultaneously determine the genetic risk. Presently the most interesting chromosome regions concerning the aetiology of autism are chromosomes 7q31-35, 15q11-13 and 16p13.3 which have been suggested by different lines of genetic research.

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Defining Disease Phenotypes

Cited by 9 publications

References 106 publications

Cortical Thickness Abnormalities in Cocaine Addiction—A Reflection of Both Drug Use and a Pre-existing Disposition to Drug Abuse?

Cortical Thickness Abnormalities in Cocaine Addiction—A Reflection of Both Drug Use and a Pre-existing Disposition to Drug Abuse?

The natural history of adolescent alcohol use disorders

The genetics of autism

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