Defining IL‐6 levels in healthy individuals: A meta‐analysis

Said, Elias A.; Al-Reesi, Iman; Al-Shizawi, Nawal; Jaju, Sanjay; Al-Balushi, Mohammed S.; Koh, Crystal Y.; Al-Jabri, Ali A.; Jeyaseelan, Lakshmanan

doi:10.1002/jmv.26654

Cited by 117 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…A meta-analysis study included 140 different research found that the average concentration of IL-6 in the majority of healthy people ranged between 4.631 and 5.740 pg/ml (ng/l) 29 . These variation might be attributed to differences in the weight of these people and their muscle mass and contractility status 29 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interleukin – 6 Serum Level and Single Nucleotide Gene -174 G/C promoter Polymorphism in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis / Iraq

Ibrahim¹,

Al-Tae²

2021

Ann Coll Med Mosul

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Objective: To 1) assess IL-6 levels in the serum of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 2) study IL-6 promoter -174 G>C "single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)" as an imminent factor for the disease development. 3) find any relation between the level of serum IL-6 cytokine and other parameters such as age, gender, clinical severity of diseases and "disease activity scores (DAS28)". Materials & methods:This research was carried out through a case -control approach at "Ibn -Senna Teaching Hospital" in Mosul city between November 2020 and July 2021. It included 61 RA patients diagnosed according to "ACR / EULAR 2010 criteria" and 50 healthy individuals. IL-6 serum levels were ascertained by ELISA and genotyping of IL-6 promoter was accomplished by "sequence-specific primerpolymerase chain reaction (SSP-PCR)". Results: Mean IL-6 level in RA (69.42 ng /l ± 62.99) was elevated in comparison to healthy people (14.66 ng /l ± 23.58), P < 0.001. No age or gender effects on IL-6 concentration were noted. The ideal cut-off of IL-6 for discrimination of RA with best discriminative utility compared to healthy controls was 22.80 ng/l. At this value the IL-6 sensitivity was 91.8%, specificity 82.0% and accuracy rate 73.80%. G/G genotype was the most pervasive genotype in both RA patients and controls (70.5% in RA and 64% in healthy controls). However, it did not seem to be a risk factor for RA development compared to G/C or C/C genotypes "(OR = 1.3438, 95% CI=0.605-2.984,P=0.469)". The mean IL-6 level in patients with GG genotype was (73.70 ng / l ± 71.09) compared to (58.37 ng /l ± 37.86) in patients with GC genotype. There was no significant difference in the IL-6 level between patients with GG and patients with GC genotypes (P = 0.2375). Although higher IL-6 mean concentration was reported in severe RA, however, no significant difference was found between patients with mild, moderate and severe RA respectively. No correlation of serum levels of IL-6 with genetic promoter polymorphism, clinical severity of diseases or DAS 28 score were reported. Conclusion:The concentration of serum IL-6 was elevated in RA in regard to healthy controls which confirmed its pivotal role in RA pathogenesis. Our data did not support the role of IL-6 promoter -174 G> C polymorphism as a risk factor for RA, nor seem to play a major role in the increase of IL-6 level among our patients with RA.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interleukin – 6 Serum Level and Single Nucleotide Gene -174 G/C promoter Polymorphism in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis / Iraq

Ibrahim¹,

Al-Tae²

2021

Ann Coll Med Mosul

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“…anticytokine strategies). It is, however, worth considering that, when employing IL-6 levels to make clinical decisions, these should be interpreted with caution as they might be influenced by multiple confounding factors, such as age, comorbidities, treatments, and genetic polymorphisms [123].…”

Section: Il-6 As a Prognostic Marker In Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of IL-6 and IL-6 blockade in COVID-19

Potere

Batticciotto

Vecchiè³

et al. 2021

Expert Review of Clinical Immunology

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Introduction: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) induces a dysregulated hyperinflammatory response. Areas covered: Authors review evidence on IL-6 and IL-6 blockade in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and discuss the pathophysiological and prognostic roles of this cytokine and the clinical impact of pharmacological blockade of IL-6 . The material includes original articles and reviews published from March 2020 to March 2021 and searched on PubMed, medRxiv, and bioRxiv. Expert opinion: IL-6 is one of the most prominent pro-inflammatory cytokines. Increased levels are recorded in COVID-19 patients, especially those with severe-to-critical disease. Evidence is accumulating on the relevance of IL-6 as a prognostic marker in COVID-19. Since IL-6 is a druggable target for several inflammatory diseases, pharmacological blockers of the IL-6 signaling pathway were repurposed to blunt the abnormal SARS-CoV-2-induced cytokine release. Data are limited to few randomized controlled trials that reported encouraging, though not conclusive, results, indicating the usefulness of IL-6 blockade early in the course of the disease in patients with hyperinflammation and no or limited organ damage. Further research is warranted to explore the role of IL-6 in different COVID-19 phenotypes and identify subgroups of patients who may mostly benefit from IL-6 pathway inhibition.

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“…Therefore, plasma was used to measure these interleukin levels. 20 The patients gave 3 mL of peripheral venous blood in the early morning on an empty stomach. It was then centrifuged at room temperature (4000 rpm for 8 min), and the upper serum was stored in a refrigerator at −80°C.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association of Systemic Interleukin 6 and Interleukin 10 Levels with Sarcopenia in Elderly Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Lin

Bai

Wang

et al. 2021

IJGM

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Objective Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is often associated with sarcopenia, and systemic inflammation is an underlying pathogenesis of COPD. In this study, the effects of interleukin (IL)- 6 and IL-10 levels on sarcopenia in patients with COPD were investigated. Methods Seventy-three patients (59 males and 14 females), aged 60–93 years old, who had stable COPD (not including patients with advanced lung decline) were enrolled in this study. The patients were classified according to four stages of lung function, based on the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease 2018, and their symptoms were evaluated using the COPD assessment test and mMRC dyspnea Scale. The skeletal muscle index (SMI) was evaluated using a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry test, and walking pace and handgrip strength were measured to reflect muscle mass and function. The diagnosis of sarcopenia was made according to the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia and China guide recommendations. The inflammation biomarkers IL-6 and IL-10 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Albumin (Alb) was measured using the bromocresol green method. Results Twenty-eight patients (38.36%) were diagnosed with sarcopenia. IL-6 (r = −0.38, P = 0.001) and IL-10 (r = −0.38, P = 0.001) were negatively correlated with the SMI, while the IL-10/IL-6 ratio had no correlation with sarcopenia. Multiple regression analysis showed that age (OR = 1.11, P = 0.02) and IL-6 (OR = 1.07, P <0.05), had a strong correlation with sarcopenia, while IL-10 was not statistically significant in sarcopenia. However, body mass index (OR = 0.54, P = 0.002) had an opposite effect on muscle reduction. Conclusion The increase of IL-6 might be a factor associated with sarcopenia. However, the relationship between IL-10 and sarcopenia is unclear.

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Defining IL‐6 levels in healthy individuals: A meta‐analysis

Cited by 117 publications

References 65 publications

Interleukin – 6 Serum Level and Single Nucleotide Gene -174 G/C promoter Polymorphism in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis / Iraq

Interleukin – 6 Serum Level and Single Nucleotide Gene -174 G/C promoter Polymorphism in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis / Iraq

The role of IL-6 and IL-6 blockade in COVID-19

The Association of Systemic Interleukin 6 and Interleukin 10 Levels with Sarcopenia in Elderly Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

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