Defining marine habitat of juvenile Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, and coho salmon, O. kisutch, in the northern California Current System

Pool, Suzan; Reese, Douglas C.; Brodeur, Richard D.

doi:10.1007/s10641-011-9909-9

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Krill, which are a patchy resource, were encountered more frequently in the stomachs of captured subadults and adults, which can range over a greater area and take advantage of more dispersed and patchily distributed prey. Remaining closer to shore to avoid high predation rates may be related in some way to increased turbidity associated with high concentrations of chlorophyll‐ a , which has been a good predictor of juvenile salmon presence in this and in other studies (Peterson et al ., ; Pool et al ., ; Yu et al ., ; Burke et al ., ). It is difficult to assess a foraging benefit of chlorophyll‐ a to salmon because time lags between primary production and the trophic level at which juvenile salmon feed are too large to infer trophic transfer (Miller et al ., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Variation in marine survival is linked to differences in migration and distribution during early ocean residence (Trudel et al, 2009;Weitkamp, 2010;Wells et al, 2012), which is reinforced by stock-specific spatial distributions that tend to be relatively consistent across years (Tucker et al, 2012;Satterthwaite et al, 2013;Teel et al, 2015). While this suggests some degree of genetic imprinting to large-scale geospatial cues (Bracis and Anderson, 2012;Putman et al, 2014), salmon distribution and abundance also tends to fluctuate in response to environmental conditions (De Robertis et al, 2003;Pool et al, 2012). We conducted a 2-week trawl survey from central California to southern Oregon to determine what biological and physical factors in an upwelling-driven system most influence spatial distribution and abundance of Chinook salmon first entering the ocean.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies that have investigated the early ocean distribution of juvenile Chinook salmon in the northern California Current Ecosystem (CCS) are based on observations influenced by Columbia River plume (CRP) dynamics (Bi et al, 2008;Pool et al, 2012;Yu et al, 2012;Burke et al, 2013). The CRP entrains particles up to 50 km north and south of the river mouth and within this latitudinal range, increases dispersion of particles across the continental shelf by 25% (Banas et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Early ocean distribution of juvenile Chinook salmon in an upwelling ecosystem

Hassrick

Henderson

Huff

et al. 2016

Fisheries Oceanography

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Extreme variability in abundance of California salmon populations is often ascribed to ocean conditions, yet relatively little is known about their marine life history. To investigate which ocean conditions influence their distribution and abundance, we surveyed juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) within the California Current (central California [37°30 0 N) to Newport, Oregon (44°00 0 N]) for a 2-week period over three summers (2010)(2011)(2012). At each station, we measured chlorophyll-a as an indicator of primary productivity, acoustic-based metrics of zooplankton density as an indicator of potential prey availability and physical characteristics such as bottom depth, temperature and salinity. We also measured fork lengths and collected genetic samples from each salmon that was caught. Genetic stock identification revealed that the majority of juvenile salmon were from the Central Valley and the Klamath Basin (91-98%). We constructed generalized logistic-linear negative binomial hurdle models and chose the best model(s) using Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) to determine which covariates influenced the salmon presence and, at locations where salmon were present, determined the variables that influenced their abundance. The probability of salmon presence was highest in shallower waters with a high chlorophyll-a concentration and close to an individual's natal river. Catch abundance was primarily influenced by year, mean fork length and proximity to natal rivers. At the scale of sampling stations, presence and abundance were not related to acoustic indices of zooplankton density. In the weeks to months after ocean entry, California's juvenile Chinook salmon population appears to be primarily constrained to coastal waters near natal river outlets.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Early ocean distribution of juvenile Chinook salmon in an upwelling ecosystem

Hassrick

Henderson

Huff

et al. 2016

Fisheries Oceanography

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“…Successful outcomes include descriptions of coastwide (Weitkamp, 2010;Teel et al, 2015;Shelton et al, 2019) and localscale distributions (Brodeur et al, 2004;Satterthwaite et al, 2013;Hassrick et al, 2016) and distributional relationships to smallscale oceanographic features (De Robertis et al, 2005;Pool et al, 2008;Brodeur and Morgan, 2016). Studies have also examined seasonal and interannual variations in diet composition (Brodeur et al, 2007a,b;Daly and Brodeur, 2015), immature salmon growth rates and condition (Brodeur et al, 2004;Beckman et al, 2008), diseases and parasites (Losee et al, 2014;Sandell et al, 2015), salmon predators (Emmett et al, 2006), environmental covariates of salmon presence or abundance (Bi et al, 2007;Pool et al, 2012;Burke et al, 2013a), and correlates of marine survival (e.g., Burke et al, 2013b;Kilduff et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementing Ecosystem-Based Management Principles in the Design of a Salmon Ocean Ecology Program

et al. 2020

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Two decades have passed since the initiation of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's research program aimed at advancing the understanding of estuary and ocean ecology of United States West Coast Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.). In this review and prospectus, we summarize key findings from this program and describe a plan for transitioning it to better support Ecosystem-Based Management (EBM). While we focus on salmon research, our approach applies to research design generally. Our path forward involves increasing understanding of ecosystem processes to improve the dependability of scenario testing under novel conditions. Over the past two decades, we developed a conceptual model for how climate, predators, prey, fisheries, and human activities influence salmon. Knowledge gaps we identified from our conceptual model include limited understanding of salmon distributions, behavior, maturation dynamics, and population dynamics, and salmon interactions with predators, competitors, and prey during winter. We consider emerging risks and vulnerabilities facing salmon and propose analysis frameworks for evaluating them. Increased predator populations, coupled with climate change, pose increasing threats to West Coast salmon and will require new strategies and actions to mitigate their negative impacts. We propose research to support the development of decision-support tools to evaluate tradeoffs associated with alternative management strategies and to inform an adaptive ecosystem management system to improve the resilience of salmon populations and salmon-dependent fisheries.

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“…All previous studies (Bi et al 2007, 2008, Peterson et al2010, Pool et al 2012) are based on the premise that both large-scale ocean conditions and local habitat characteristics could affect where juvenile Chinook salmon reside. However, none of the previous studies have properly addressed spatial autocorrelation, except Bi et al (2011a) where random effects were considered as spatial structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial variations in the distribution of yearling spring Chinook salmon off Washington and Oregon using COZIGAM analysis

Bi²,

Burke³

et al. 2012

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Yearling Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha were sampled off Washington and Oregon, USA, along with environmental factors, every June from 1998 to 2010. The abundance of yearling Chinook salmon varied over space with a high proportion of zero catches. Positive catches were more numerous north of the Columbia River, likely because most yearling Chinook salmon turn north after leaving the Columbia River. Using the latitude of the Columbia River mouth as a geographical border, the survey area was divided into 2 regions: north and south of the Columbia River. We hypothesized that (1) the spatial distribution pattern within each region was related to local environmental factors and (2) the difference between north and south was related to largescale ocean processes. A constrained zero-inflated generalized additive model (COZIGAM) was applied to examine the non-linear relationships between juvenile salmon abundance and environmental factors. Results from the COZIGAM suggested that water temperature, chlorophyll a (chl a) concentration, copepod biomass and spatial factors were significantly correlated with the density of salmon in the northern region, and only chl a concentration was correlated significantly with yearling Chinook density in the southern region. The difference between the abundances north and south of the Columbia River was significantly correlated with alongshore ocean currents, with weaker alongshore currents leading to greater difference between north and south. Results suggest that salmon distribution is determined not only by standard habitat parameters (local biotic and abiotic factors) but by ocean conditions such as the strength of alongshore coastal currents.

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Defining marine habitat of juvenile Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, and coho salmon, O. kisutch, in the northern California Current System

Cited by 7 publications

References 28 publications

Early ocean distribution of juvenile Chinook salmon in an upwelling ecosystem

Early ocean distribution of juvenile Chinook salmon in an upwelling ecosystem

Implementing Ecosystem-Based Management Principles in the Design of a Salmon Ocean Ecology Program

Spatial variations in the distribution of yearling spring Chinook salmon off Washington and Oregon using COZIGAM analysis

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