Defining nearly zero-energy housing in Belgium and the Netherlands

Mlecnik, E.

doi:10.1007/s12053-011-9138-2

Cited by 36 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Additionally, 18 countries participated in the IEA SHC/EBC Task 40/Annex 52 from October 2008 to September 2013 on the subject of "Net Zero Energy Solar Buildings" [5], and numerous studies were conducted to establish international standardization of the NZEB definition [6][7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Photovoltaic Applications in Zero Energy Building Cases of IEA SHC/EBC Task 40/Annex 52

Kim

2015

Sustainability

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A Net Zero Energy Building (NZEB) considerably reduces the building energy load through high efficiency equipment and passive elements such as building orientation, high insulation, natural daylighting, and ventilation in order to achieve zero energy balance with on-site energy production from renewable energy systems applied to the building. For a Zero Energy Building (ZEB), the heating energy demand can be significantly reduced with high insulation and air tightness, while the cooling energy demand can be curtailed by applying shading device, cross ventilation, etc. As such, the electrical energy demand for a ZEB is relatively higher than its heat energy demand. Therefore, the application of a Renewable Energy System (RES) to produce electricity is necessary for a ZEB. In particular, Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) systems that generate electricity can play an important role for achieving zero energy balance in buildings; BIPVs are multi-functional and there are many ways to apply them into buildings. This study comprehensively analyzes photovoltaic (PV) applications in ZEB cases through the International Energy Agency Solar Heating and Cooling Programme (IEA SHC)/Energy in Buildings and Communities Programme (EBC) Task 40/Annex 52 activities, which include PV installation methods, PV cell type, and electricity generation. The most widely applied OPEN ACCESSSustainability 2015, 7 8783RES is the PV system, corresponding to 29 out of a total of 30 cases. Among the roof type PV systems, 71% were non-integrated. In addition, 14 of the 27 cases in which PV systems were applied, satisfied over 100% of the electricity energy demand from the PV system and were found to generate surplus electrical power.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Photovoltaic Applications in Zero Energy Building Cases of IEA SHC/EBC Task 40/Annex 52

Kim

2015

Sustainability

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“…With this linear building energy model, the monthly building energy data can be made uniform and comparable, but only total accumulated data were considered. For benchmarking studies, researchers [16][17][18] compared monthly or annual total energy use, but ignored detailed operational information and correlation in the hourly time-series data, and therefore lacked a comprehensive data comparison. Thus, it is necessary to discuss and unify the functions of the system, and define the types of data for collection.…”

Section: Necessity Of a Data Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of building energy use data between the United States and China

Xia

Hong

Shen

et al. 2014

Energy and Buildings

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Buildings in the United States and China consumed 41% and 28% of the total primary energy in 2011, respectively. Good energy data are the cornerstone to understanding building energy performance and supporting research, design, operation, and policy making for low energy buildings. This paper presents initial outcomes from a joint research project under the U.S.-China Clean Energy Research Center for Building Energy Efficiency. The goal is to decode the driving forces behind the discrepancy of building energy use between the two countries; identify gaps and deficiencies of current building energy monitoring, data collection, and analysis; and create knowledge and tools to collect and analyze good building energy data to provide valuable and actionable information for key stakeholders. This paper first reviews and compares several popular existing building energy monitoring systems in both countries. Next a standard energy data model is presented. A detailed, measured building energy data comparison was conducted for a few office buildings in both countries. Finally issues of data collection, quality, sharing, and analysis methods are discussed. It was found that buildings in both countries performed very differently, had potential for deep energy retrofit, but that different efficiency measures should apply.

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“…Sweden set a target to achieve 20% and 50% of building energy savings by 2020 and 2050, respectively, compared with 1995 levels [7]. The Belgian regions are (considering) raising energy performance levels (and the current implementation of EPBD) to "low energy" or "near zero energy" levels [8]. The Danish Building Regulations (BR) has set a goal of saving 25% of the energy use by 2010, 50% by 2015, and 75% by 2020 for all new buildings compared with 2006 standard levels [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study on Energy-Saving Technologies Optimization towards Nearly Zero Energy Educational Buildings in Four Major Climatic Regions of China

Zhao

2019

Energies

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An educational building is a kind of public building with a high density of occupants and high energy consumption. Energy-saving technology utilization is an effective measure to achieve high-performance buildings. However, numerous studies are greatly limited to practical application due to their strong regional pertinence and technical simplicity. This paper aims to further optimize various commonly used technologies on the basis of the current national standards, and to individually establish four recommended technology selection systems corresponding to four major climatic regions for realizing nearly zero energy educational buildings (nZEEBs) in China. An educational building was selected as the case study. An evaluation index of energy-saving contribution rate (ECR) was proposed for measuring the energy efficiency of each technology. Thereafter, high energy efficiency technologies were selected and implemented together in the four basic cases representing different climatic regions. The results showed that the total energy-saving rate in severe cold regions increased by 70.74% compared with current national standards, and about 60% of the total energy-saving rate can be improved in cold regions. However, to realize nZEEBs in hot summer and cold winter regions as well as in hot summer and warm winter regions, photovoltaic (PV) technology needs to be further supplemented.

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Defining nearly zero-energy housing in Belgium and the Netherlands

Cited by 36 publications

References 17 publications

Analysis of Photovoltaic Applications in Zero Energy Building Cases of IEA SHC/EBC Task 40/Annex 52

Analysis of Photovoltaic Applications in Zero Energy Building Cases of IEA SHC/EBC Task 40/Annex 52

Comparison of building energy use data between the United States and China

A Study on Energy-Saving Technologies Optimization towards Nearly Zero Energy Educational Buildings in Four Major Climatic Regions of China

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