Defining Runoff Indices and Analyzing Their Relationships with Associated Precipitation and Temperature Indices for Upper River Basins in the Northwest Arid Region of China

Wang, Shaoping; Ding, Yongjian; Iqbal, Mujahid

doi:10.3390/w9080618

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Significances of a 1 were tested by t-test. A P-value smaller than 0.001 and 0.05 of the associated t-value indicates that the associated a 1 is significant at 99.9% and 95.0% confident levels, respectively (Wang et al, 2017b). Positive a 1 indicates an increasing trend and negative a 1 a decreasing trend (Mavromatis and Stathis, 2011).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Variations of precipitation characteristics during the period 1960–2014 in the Source Region of the Yellow River, China

et al. 2018

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Precipitation, a natural feature of weather systems in the Earth, is vitally important for the environment of any region. Under global climate change condition, the characteristics of precipitation have changed as a consequence of enhanced global hydrological cycle. The source region of the Yellow River (SRYR), locating within the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, is sensitive to the global climate change due to its complex orography and fragile ecosystem. To understand the precipitation characteristics and its impacts on the environment in the region, we studied the characteristics of rainy days and precipitation amount of different precipitation classes, such as light (0-5 and 5-10 mm), moderate (10-15, 15-20 and 20-25 mm) and heavy (≥25 mm) rains by analyzing the precipitation data of typical meteorological stations in the SRYR during the period 1961-2014, as well as the trends of persistent rainfall events and drought events. Results showed that annual average precipitation in this area had a non-significant (P>0.05) increasing trend, and 82.5% of the precipitation occurred from May to September. Rainy days of the 0-5 mm precipitation class significantly decreased, whereas the rainy days of 5-10, 10-15, and 20-25 mm precipitation classes increased and that of ≥25 mm precipitation class decreased insignificantly. The persistent rainfall events of 1-or 2-day and more than 2-day showed an increasing trend, with the 1-or 2-day events being more frequent. Meanwhile, the number of short drought periods (≤10 days) increased while long drought periods (>10 days) decreased. Since the 0-5 mm precipitation class had a huge impact on the grasslands productivity; the 5-10, 10-15, and 20-25 mm precipitation classes had positive effects on vegetation which rely on the deep soil water through moving nutrients and water into the root zone of these vegetation or through the plant-microbe interactions; the ≥25 mm precipitation class contributed to the floods; and more persistent rainfall events and fewer long drought events inferred positive effects on agriculture. Thus, these results indicate grassland degradation, less risk of floods, and the upgrading impact of climate change on agriculture. This study may provide scientific knowledge for policymakers to sustain the eco-environmental resources in the SYSR.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Variations of precipitation characteristics during the period 1960–2014 in the Source Region of the Yellow River, China

et al. 2018

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“…The significance of m 1 was verified by t-test. A p-value smaller than 0.05 of the associated t-value indicates that the associated m 1 is significant at the 95% confidence level [43]. A positive value of m 1 indicates an increasing trend, while a negative value of m 1 indicates a decreasing trend [44].…”

Section: Trend Analysismentioning

confidence: 97%

Precipitation Variations under a Changing Climate from 1961–2015 in the Source Region of the Indus River

Rizwan

Jamal

et al. 2019

Water

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The source region of the Indus River (SRIR), which is located in the Hindukush, Karakoram and Himalayan (HKH) mountainous range and on the Third Pole (TP), is very sensitive to climate change, especially precipitation changes, because of its multifarious orography and fragile ecosystem. Climate changes in the SRIR also have important impacts on social and economic development, as well as on the ecosystems of the downstream irrigation areas in Pakistan. This paper investigates the changes in precipitation characteristics by dividing the daily precipitation rate into different classes, such as light (0–10 mm), moderate (10.1–25 mm) and heavy precipitation (>25 mm). Daily precipitation data from gauging and non-gauging stations from 1961–2015 are used. The results of the analysis of the annual precipitation and rainy day trends show significant (p < 0.05) increases and decreases, respectively, while light and heavy precipitation show significant decreasing and increasing trends, respectively. The analysis of the precipitation characteristics shows that light precipitation has the highest number of rainy days compared to moderate or heavy precipitation. The analysis of the seasonal precipitation trends shows that only 18 stations have significant increasing trends in winter precipitation, while 27 stations have significant increasing trends in summer precipitation. Both short and long droughts exhibit increasing trends, which indicates that the Indus Basin will suffer from water shortages for agriculture. The results of this study could help policymakers cope with floods and droughts and sustain eco-environmental resources in the study area.

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“…The accuracy of 3B42V7 in the Hexi region is relatively low; its error and detection capabilities at different time scales and spaces will be elaborated in the following sections. 34.78% in summer (April-June), 56.59% in autumn (July-September), and 5.96% in winter (October-December). According to Equations (1)- (6), the statistical indicators of seasonal rainfall between rain gauge data and 3B42V7 in different seasons were calculated in Figure 3.…”

Section: Overall Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The northwest Arid Region of China is one of the regions most sensitive to global climate warming [33,34]. Complex topographic and climatic conditions as well as the sparse distribution of meteorological stations here all make it difficult to observe the precipitation, whereas the sensitive eco-hydrological environment within the region makes the regional hydrology, climate and ecological research extremely important [35][36][37][38].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of TRMM 3B42V7 Rainfall Product under Complex Topographic and Climatic Conditions over Hexi Region in the Northwest Arid Region of China

Wang

Ding

Zhao

et al. 2018

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Continuous and accurate spatiotemporal precipitation data plays an important role in regional climate and hydrology research, particularly in the arid inland regions where rain gauges are sparse and unevenly distributed. The main objective of this study is to evaluate and bias-correct the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) 3B42V7 rainfall product under complex topographic and climatic conditions over the Hexi region in the northwest arid region of China with the reference of rain gauge observation data during 2009-2015. A series of statistical indicators were adopted to quantitatively evaluate the error of 3B42V7 and its ability in detecting precipitation events. Overall, the 3B42V7 overestimates the precipitation with Bias of 11.16%, and its performance generally becomes better with the increasing of time scale. The agreements between the rain gauge data and 3B42V7 are very low in cold season, and moderate in warm season. The 3B42V7 shows better correlation with rain gauges located in the southern mountainous and central oasis areas than in the northern extreme arid regions, and is more likely to underestimate the precipitation in high-altitude mountainous areas and overestimate the precipitation in low-elevation regions. The distribution of the error on the daily scale is more related to the elevation and rainfall than in monthly and annual scale. The 3B42V7 significantly overestimates the precipitation events, and the overestimation mainly focuses on tiny amounts of rainfall (0-1 mm/d), which is also the range of false alarm concentration. Bias correction for 3B42V7 was carried out based on the deviation of the average monthly precipitation data during 2009-2015. The bias-corrected 3B42V7 was significantly improved compared with the original product. Results suggest that regional assessment and bias correction of 3B42V7 rainfall product are of vital importance and will provide substantive reference for regional hydrological studies.

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Defining Runoff Indices and Analyzing Their Relationships with Associated Precipitation and Temperature Indices for Upper River Basins in the Northwest Arid Region of China

Cited by 7 publications

References 24 publications

Variations of precipitation characteristics during the period 1960–2014 in the Source Region of the Yellow River, China

Variations of precipitation characteristics during the period 1960–2014 in the Source Region of the Yellow River, China

Precipitation Variations under a Changing Climate from 1961–2015 in the Source Region of the Indus River

Validation of TRMM 3B42V7 Rainfall Product under Complex Topographic and Climatic Conditions over Hexi Region in the Northwest Arid Region of China

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