Defining the biosecurity risk posed by transported soil: Effects of storage time and environmental exposure on survival of soil biota

McNeill, M.R.; Phillips, C.B.; Robinson, Andrew P.; Aalders, Lee T.; Richards, Nicky; Young, Sandra; Dowsett, C.A.; James, T.K.; Bell, N.L.

doi:10.3897/neobiota.32.9784

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The soil in this study was stored in cupboards reducing air flow over the samples slowing the rate of desiccation, allowing any nematodes present that had the ability to survive water deficits to achieve anhydrobiosis. The survival of PPNs was greater in soil stored in cupboards than soil stored in sea containers (McNeill et al 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Having a better understanding of PPN survival in soil inadvertently transported with commodities, freight, used machinery or humans (e.g. footwear) is important in the development of both scientifically valid pest risk analysis as well as cost-effective management strategies (Colunga-Garcia et al 2013, Singh et al 2015, McNeill et al 2017). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Disposable laboratory gloves were worn at all times, and changed between sites. The work presented in this paper is part of a project published in McNeill et al (2017), methods for collecting and processing the soil are the same as described in that paper.…”

Section: Collection and Processing Of Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The remaining soil from each site and sampling location (six individual soil sources) was divided amongst stainless steel steam trays (dimensions c. 400 × 200 × 50 mm (300 mm × 240 mm internal dimensions)), in which twenty × 4 mm drainage holes had been drilled into the base, then allocated to treatments (c. 700 g of soil per tray). The soil was spread roughly evenly onto the tray surface and gently pressed with a stainless steel pan to lightly compact the soil, resulting in a soil depth of approximately 40 mm (McNeill et al 2017). Soil from all sites contained plant root material.…”

Section: Collection and Processing Of Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plant parasitic nematode survival and detection to inform biosecurity risk assessment

Aalders¹,

McNeill²,

Bell³

et al. 2017

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Plant parasitic nematodes (PPN) are known to survive periods of desiccation, an ability that increases the risk of them surviving unintentional transport between countries. To investigate nematode survival in soil subject to prolonged storage, soil collected from a native forest and an organic orchard was stored separately in cupboards at ambient temperature for 36 months. Subsamples were taken at 0, 3, 6, 12, 13, 24 and 36 months to determine the presence of plant parasitic and total nematodes using a standard misting technique. Pratylenchus was used as a model to determine if PPNs that had been under prolonged storage were able to infect plant hosts at 13, 24 and 36 months.Overall, the total number of nematodes recovered from stored soil declined over time, with differences in species diversity determined by molecular methods, related to soil origin. No PPN were recovered in soil stored beyond 13 months using the three-day misting technique. By comparison, Pratylenchus nematodes, using a baiting method, were found to successfully invade host plant roots (ryegrass and white clover) even after 36 months storage and were observed to produce offspring at 13 months. Baiting was not effective for Pratylenchus found in soil originally collected from the forest but was for orchard soil, a result attributed to the lack of suitable host plants for the Pratylenchus species found in forest soil.This study demonstrated, that in protected environments, nematodes could survive for at least 36 months and were observed to produce offspring at 13 months. Baiting with a host plant was more sensitive in detecting nematodes than using the misting extraction technique, although this approach only works where the host plant is known. Without a priori knowledge of the nematode-plant host association, plant baiting may also produce false negatives. In the context of plant biosecurity and providing an accurate risk assessment in soil contaminants, the development of a generic test for PPN that induces nematodes in a resting stage to emerge and respond to a cue would enhance the probability of detection. However, as assessments at the border are often time limited, a molecular based bioassay that can be used to indicate the presence of multiple species of live PPN species may be a more feasible option for risk assessments. Aalders et al. / NeoBiota 36: 1-16 (2017) 2

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Collection and Processing Of Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Collection and Processing Of Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Plant parasitic nematode survival and detection to inform biosecurity risk assessment

Aalders¹,

McNeill²,

Bell³

et al. 2017

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…On the other hand, there were also more general ones related to, e.g. the EU regulation on invasive species (Tanner et al 2017), a complete set of biota, namely those of soil (McNeill et al 2017), or the role of traits (Emiljanowicz et al 2017). Other trait studies were also more prominent in the second phase: Buru et al (2016) compared growth traits between abundant and uncommon forms of Dolichandra unguis-cati (Bignoniaceae), a non-native vine in Australia.…”

Section: Topics Coveredmentioning

confidence: 99%