Defining the optimal role of high‐flow nasal cannula in pediatric procedural sedation

High-Flow vs. Low-Flow Nasal Cannula in Reducing Hypoxemic Events During Bronchoscopic Procedures: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…The anesthetists and/or the bronchoscopists changed FiO2 during the procedure to match the patients' needs. As a result, the received FiO2 during desaturation event was variable, and a subgroup analysis matching the FiO2 was not feasible ( 37 ). In the majority of the included RCTs, the oral route was used; therefore, the beneficial effect of HFNC could be greater if the nasal route was preferred.…”

A new oxygen therapy support device for infant bronchoscopy?

“…The results showed that the mean minimum oxygen saturation in the modified TPR group was (90.95 ± 5.57)% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 88.26–93.65) and the mean minimum oxygen saturation in the NC group was (80.57 ± 8.76)% (95% CI: 76.34–84.80), t = 4.58, p = 0.000 < 0.05, indicating that the mean values of the lowest blood oxygen saturation between the two groups were significantly different; there was no significant difference in the types of underlying diseases inducing hypoxemia between the two groups (see Table 1). Some scholars have pointed out that FiO 2 rather than gas flow rate may play a role in the prevention of hypoxemia during endoscopy 4 . However, this study found that despite the same oxygen concentration between the two groups, the incidence of hypoxemia in the TPR group with a high flow rate was much lower than that in the NC group (42.9% vs. 81.0%, χ 2 = 6.46, p = 0.011), suggesting that gas flow rate plays an important role in preventing hypoxemia; in addition, rank sum test showed that TPR group (mild hypoxia in six cases, moderate hypoxia in two cases, and severe hypoxia in one case) was significantly better than NC group (mild hypoxia in three cases, moderate hypoxia in five cases, and severe hypoxia in nine cases), the difference was statistically significant ( Z = 2.52, p = 0.012) (see Table 2).…”

High flow nasal cannula versus standard low flow nasal oxygen during flexible bronchoscopy in children: A randomized controlled trial

“…21 There is no consensus on the definition of high flow rate and in Some authors have noted that it is possible that FiO 2 and not the gas flow rate play a role in preventing hypoxemia during treatment with HFNC in endoscopy examination. 22 Although there are other oxygen delivery methods capable of providing higher total oxygen concentration than NC (mask with reservoir and ventury mask), further studies comparing these with HFNC would be necessary to establish whether they are comparable in their effectiveness. We have not collected data on hyperoxia in treated patients, which is an aspect that clinicians should also take into account when applying HFNC.…”