Defining the southern margin of Avalonia in the Pontides: Geochronological data from the Late Proterozoic and Ordovician granitoids from NW Turkey

Okay, Aral I.; Bozkurt, Erdi̇n; Satır, Muharrem; Yi̇ği̇tbaş, Erdi̇nç; Crowley, Quentin; Shang, C. K.

doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2008.02.004

Cited by 140 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The Sakarya Continent (as defined by Şengör and Yılmaz 1981) is limited by the Intra-Pontide Suture in the north and by the İzmir-Ankara Suture in the south. A highly deformed and metamorphosed pre-Jurassic basement and much less deformed and/or unmetamorphosed Jurassic-Tertiary cover have been distinguished (Okay et al 2008). Pre-Jurassic metamorphosed basement in the study area is represented by the Çamlık granodiorite and by the Kalabak Fm.…”

Section: Regional Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…2). Yücelay (1976), Çetinkaya et al (1983a, b), and Tufan (1993) examined the study area with regard to mining geology and Okay et al (1990Okay et al ( , 1996Okay et al ( , 2006 and Aysal et al (2012) studied the geological and the tectonic evolution. Tufan (1993) and Okay et al (1996) observed a tectonic contact between granodiorite and epidotesericite-graphite schist, metasandstone, and the marble which was metamorphosed together with country rocks.…”

Section: Regional Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geology, mineralogy and the Pb, S isotope study of the Kalkım Pb-Zn ± Cu deposits, Biga Peninsula, NW Turkey

Akıska¹,

Demirela²,

Sayili³

2013

J. Geosci.

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Three main Pb-Zn ± Cu deposits (Handeresi, Bağırkaçdere, and Fırıncıkdere) occur south of Kalkım in the southeastern part of the Biga Peninsula (NW Turkey). Massive and disseminated Pb-Zn mineralization consists of ore veins in fault zones and replacement bodies in carbonate layers in metamorphic rocks. Garnet (~Ad 64 Gr 36 ), pyroxene (~Di 30 Hd 45 Jo 25 ), epidote and rare tremolite-actinolite are found as gangue minerals in ore zones. The garnets often show oscillatory zoning and correspond to grossular, andradite and grandite in composition. The pyroxene minerals are manganiferous hedenbergite, johannsenite and diopside. The Mn/Fe ratios of the pyroxene range between 0.3 and 0.9 (mean 0.5). Such compositions of the garnet and pyroxene and gangue assemblages are typical of distal Pb-Zn skarns. The ore minerals are pyrite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, galena, magnetite, hematite, and arsenopyrite. Taken together, the Oligo-Miocene magmatism in the area is taken responsible for the polymetallic mineralization. However, the metamorphic rocks and their protoliths may have contributed part of the lead.

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Section: Regional Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Regional Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geology, mineralogy and the Pb, S isotope study of the Kalkım Pb-Zn ± Cu deposits, Biga Peninsula, NW Turkey

Akıska¹,

Demirela²,

Sayili³

2013

J. Geosci.

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“…crystallization ages (Okay et al, 2008;Akbayram et al, 2013) from gneiss and Upper Triassic metamorphism ages ( 40 Ar method) from hornblendes of the amphibolites (Çelik et al, 2009) were obtained from the oldest metamorphic rocks of the region. All these rocks are unconformably covered by Upper Cretaceous aged shallow marine and Pliocene aged terrestrial sediments (Göncüoğlu et al, 1987).…”

Section: Geological Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin of the pleonaste-bearing mafic-ultramafic rocks from the Armutlu peninsula, NW Turkey

Özkan¹,

Çelik²

2018

Turkish J Earth Sci

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IntroductionSpinel-group minerals (general formula: AB 2 O 4 ) are important geological tools to understand the petrogenetic properties and geodynamic environment of the rocks in which they occur in a wide compositional range (e.g., Dick and Bullen, 1984;Arai et al., 2011). Spinel (MgAl 2 O 4 ) and hercynite (Fe 2+ Al 2 O 4 ) solid-solution series are the aluminum-rich (Al-rich) two end-members of spinelgroup minerals. They rarely occur as pure end-members in nature and if the substitution ratio of divalent Mg 2+ and Fe 2+ in these end-members is from 3 to 1, the mineral is called pleonaste [(Mg 0.25-0.75 Fe 0.25-075 )Al 2 O 4 ] (Deer et al., 1992). In the present study Al-rich spinel is used as a general name for spinel, hercynite, and pleonaste. The Al-rich spinel solid solution series have been observed in the amphibolite-granulite facies basic-ultrabasic and pelitic rocks, the basic-ultrabasic magmatic rocks, and the mantle xenoliths in volcanic rocks (e.g.

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“…Based on the geological studies of Biga Peninsula (Siyako et al, 1989;Okay et al, 1990Okay et al, , 1996Okay et al, , 2008Dönmez et al, 2005Dönmez et al, , 2008Altunkaynak and Genç 2008;Dilek et al, 2009), the basement of the area consists of Paleozoic-Mesozoic metamorphic rocks and ophiolitic rocks. The area was affected by intense magmatism from Paleocene to the end of Miocene.…”

Section: Regional Geologymentioning

confidence: 99%

AN ORE ADIT PLANNING WITH THE HELP OF 3-DIMENSIONAL ORE BODY MODELING: A CASE STUDY FROM ÇULFA ÇUKURU Pb-Zn-Cu-Ag DEPOSIT

Akıska

2017

Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration

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ABSTRACTÇulfa Çukuru Pb-Zn-Cu-Ag mineralization has occurred along the metamorphic and metamorphicdacitic volcanic rock contacts of the Sakarya zone on the Biga Peninsula. The base metal mineralizations (Pb-Zn-Cu-Ag±Au) developed along the contact and fracture planes of these rocks can be observed as veins, lenses and disseminated ore geometries in the calc-silicate rock assemblages. Base metal mineralizations are mainly controlled lithologically and are generally associated with recrystallized limestones. In this study, the surface and the subsurface were modeled using the topographical data and the geochemical data (Pb% and Zn%) collected from 42 boreholes of Çulfa Çukuru which is located 20 km South-Southeast of Kalkım (Çanakkale). The surface and the subsurface data were interpolated by Kriging and Inverse Distance Weighted methods, respectively. The intersectional areas of Pb% and Zn% modeling data obtained from this study were determined by dividing the areas above the cut-off grade into 4 different sectors (low, intermediate, high, and very high). Using the distribution of the intersections of these sectors, the possible adit lines were determined and also an interpreted map of the adit was drawn for 450 level. This modeling study helps to plan the ore adit to be opened in a mining area. Moreover, according to the important changings that may occur in conditions (e.g. fl uctuations in metal prices or decrasing-increasing costs), models can also be modifi ed during operations.

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Defining the southern margin of Avalonia in the Pontides: Geochronological data from the Late Proterozoic and Ordovician granitoids from NW Turkey

Cited by 140 publications

References 47 publications

Geology, mineralogy and the Pb, S isotope study of the Kalkım Pb-Zn ± Cu deposits, Biga Peninsula, NW Turkey

Geology, mineralogy and the Pb, S isotope study of the Kalkım Pb-Zn ± Cu deposits, Biga Peninsula, NW Turkey

Origin of the pleonaste-bearing mafic-ultramafic rocks from the Armutlu peninsula, NW Turkey

AN ORE ADIT PLANNING WITH THE HELP OF 3-DIMENSIONAL ORE BODY MODELING: A CASE STUDY FROM ÇULFA ÇUKURU Pb-Zn-Cu-Ag DEPOSIT

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Defining the southern margin of Avalonia in the Pontides: Geochronological data from the Late Proterozoic and Ordovician granitoids from NW Turkey

Cited by 140 publications

References 47 publications

Geology, mineralogy and the Pb, S isotope study of the Kalk&#305;m Pb-Zn &plusmn; Cu deposits, Biga Peninsula, NW Turkey

Geology, mineralogy and the Pb, S isotope study of the Kalk&#305;m Pb-Zn &plusmn; Cu deposits, Biga Peninsula, NW Turkey

Origin of the pleonaste-bearing mafic-ultramafic rocks from the Armutlu peninsula, NW Turkey

AN ORE ADIT PLANNING WITH THE HELP OF 3-DIMENSIONAL ORE BODY MODELING: A CASE STUDY FROM ÇULFA ÇUKURU Pb-Zn-Cu-Ag DEPOSIT

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Geology, mineralogy and the Pb, S isotope study of the Kalkım Pb-Zn ± Cu deposits, Biga Peninsula, NW Turkey

Geology, mineralogy and the Pb, S isotope study of the Kalkım Pb-Zn ± Cu deposits, Biga Peninsula, NW Turkey