Definition, Classification, Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis of
                    Diabetes Mellitus: Update 2023

Pleus, Stefan; Tytko, Andrea; Landgraf, Rüdiger; Heinemann, Lutz; Werner, Christoph; Müller-Wieland, Dirk; Ziegler, Anette-Gabriele; Müller, Ulrich A.; Freckmann, Guido; Kleinwechter, Helmut; Schleicher, Erwin; Nauck, Matthias; Petersmann, Astrid

doi:10.1055/a-2166-6643

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 63 publications

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“…Plaques that are prone to rupture are considered “vulnerable”, leading to the acute blockage of the artery and clinically to either acute ischemic heart attack or stroke [ 3 , 4 ]. The co-existence of diabetes mellitus (DM) multiplies the risk for acute plaque destabilization and consequent adverse cardiovascular events [ 5 , 6 ]. On the other hand, statins have been long proven to exert “pleiotropic” actions and remain an essential part of the secondary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVDs).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Anti-Atherosclerotic Effects of Endothelin Receptor Antagonist, Bosentan, in Combination with Atorvastatin—An Experimental Study

Stasinopoulou,

Kostomitsopoulos,

Kadoglou

2024

IJMS

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Bosentan, an endothelin receptor antagonist (ERA), has potential anti-atherosclerotic properties. We investigated the complementary effects of bosentan and atorvastatin on the progression and composition of the atherosclerotic lesions in diabetic mice. Forty-eight male ApoE−/− mice were fed high-fat diet (HFD) for 14 weeks. At week 8, diabetes was induced with streptozotocin, and mice were randomized into four groups: (1) control/COG: no intervention; (2) ΒOG: bosentan 100 mg/kg/day per os; (3) ATG: atorvastatin 20 mg/kg/day per os; and (4) BO + ATG: combined administration of bosentan and atorvastatin. The intra-plaque contents of collagen, elastin, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2, -3, -9), and TIMP-1 were determined. The percentage of lumen stenosis was significantly lower across all treated groups: BOG: 19.5 ± 2.2%, ATG: 12.8 ± 4.8%, and BO + ATG: 9.1 ± 2.7% compared to controls (24.6 ± 4.8%, p < 0.001). The administration of both atorvastatin and bosentan resulted in significantly higher collagen content and thicker fibrous cap versus COG (p < 0.01). All intervention groups showed lower relative intra-plaque concentrations of MCP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-9 and a higher TIMP-1concentration compared to COG (p < 0.001). Importantly, latter parameters presented lower levels when bosentan was combined with atorvastatin compared to COG (p < 0.05). Bosentan treatment in diabetic, atherosclerotic ApoE−/− mice delayed the atherosclerosis progression and enhanced plaques’ stability, showing modest but additive effects with atorvastatin, which are promising in atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Anti-Atherosclerotic Effects of Endothelin Receptor Antagonist, Bosentan, in Combination with Atorvastatin—An Experimental Study

Stasinopoulou,

Kostomitsopoulos,

Kadoglou

2024

IJMS

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Targeting the Gut Microbiota for Prevention and Management of Type 2 Diabetes

Donati Zeppa,

Gervasi,

Bartolacci

et al. 2024

Nutrients

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Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic metabolic disorder with a heterogeneous etiology encompassing societal and behavioral risk factors in addition to genetic and environmental susceptibility. The cardiovascular consequences of diabetes account for more than two-thirds of mortality among people with T2D. Not only does T2D shorten life expectancy, but it also lowers quality of life and is associated with extremely high health expenditures since diabetic complications raise both direct and indirect healthcare costs. An increasing body of research indicates a connection between T2D and gut microbial traits, as numerous alterations in the intestinal microorganisms have been noted in pre-diabetic and diabetic individuals. These include pro-inflammatory bacterial patterns, increased intestinal permeability, endotoxemia, and hyperglycemia-favoring conditions, such as the alteration of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion. Restoring microbial homeostasis can be very beneficial for preventing and co-treating T2D and improving antidiabetic therapy outcomes. This review summarizes the characteristics of a “diabetic” microbiota and the metabolites produced by microbial species that can worsen or ameliorate T2D risk and progression, suggesting gut microbiota-targeted strategies to restore eubiosis and regulate blood glucose. Nutritional supplementation, diet, and physical exercise are known to play important roles in T2D, and here their effects on the gut microbiota are discussed, suggesting non-pharmacological approaches that can greatly help in diabetes management and highlighting the importance of tailoring treatments to individual needs.

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Definition, Classification, Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus: Update 2023

Cited by 2 publications

References 63 publications

The Anti-Atherosclerotic Effects of Endothelin Receptor Antagonist, Bosentan, in Combination with Atorvastatin—An Experimental Study

The Anti-Atherosclerotic Effects of Endothelin Receptor Antagonist, Bosentan, in Combination with Atorvastatin—An Experimental Study

Targeting the Gut Microbiota for Prevention and Management of Type 2 Diabetes

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