Definition, diagnosis, and management of COVID-19-associated pulmonary mucormycosis: Delphi consensus statement from the Fungal Infection Study Forum and Academy of Pulmonary Sciences, India

Muthu, Valliappan; Agarwal, Ritesh; Patel, Atul; Kathirvel, Soundappan; Abraham, Ooriapadickal Cherian; Aggarwal, Ashutosh N.; Bal, Amanjit; Bhalla, Ashu Seith; Chhajed, Prashant N.; Chaudhry, Dhruva; Garg, Mandeep; Guleria, Randeep; Krishnan, Ram Gopal; Kumar, Arvind; Maheshwari, Uma; Mehta, Ravindra; Nath, Alok; Patel, Dharmesh; Rudramurthy, Shivaprakash M; Saxena, Puneet; Sethuraman, Nandini; Singhal, Tanu; Soman, Rajiv S.; Thangakunam, Balamugesh; Varghese, George M.; Chakrabarti, Arunaloke

doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(22)00124-4

Cited by 55 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“… 11. , 12. In addition, data of baseline demographic details, COVID-19 status at the time of admission, previous history and clinical features; both related to SARS-CoV-2infection and mucormycosis, COVID-19vaccination status, predisposing risk factors (diabetes mellitus, glucocorticoid therapy, transplant, malignancy, immunosuppression), other co-morbid illness like hypertension, ischaemic heart disease, chronic kidney disease, chronic liver disease, chronic respiratory illnesses, were obtained from hospital records.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19-associated Mucormycosis: A clinico-epidemiological study

Chakravarty

Gupta²,

Tilak³

et al. 2022

Journal of Diabetes and its Complications

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19-associated Mucormycosis: A clinico-epidemiological study

Chakravarty

Gupta²,

Tilak³

et al. 2022

Journal of Diabetes and its Complications

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“…We diagnosed COVID-19 using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for SARS-CoV-2 in nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal swabs. Mucormycosis was diagnosed in participants with compatible clinico-radiological features and confirmed microbiologically (smear showing aseptate hyphae or culture growth of Mucorales) or pathologically in tissue samples [ 1 , 20 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) levels in COVID-19-associated mucormycosis: results of a case–control study

et al. 2022

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Background In experimental models, the expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) in endothelial cells played a role in the pathogenesis of mucormycosis. However, the role of GRP78 in COVID-19-associated mucormycosis (CAM) has not been studied. We hypothesized that serum GRP78 levels are elevated in subjects with CAM. Objective To compare the serum GRP78 levels in subjects with CAM and COVID-19 controls without mucormycosis. Design And Setting We performed a hospital-based, case–control study between 1 April 2021 and 31 May 2021. Participants We enrolled 24 subjects each of CAM and COVID-19 subjects without mucormycosis. We also measured serum GRP78 levels in ten healthy controls. Exposure The primary exposure studied was serum GRP78 concentration, estimated using a commercially available ELISA kit in stored serum samples. Results We found the mean ± standard deviation (SD) serum GRP78 levels significantly higher (p = 0.0001) among the CAM (374.3 ± 127.3 pg/mL) than the COVID-19 (246.4 ± 67.0 pg/mL) controls. The proportion of subjects with an abnormal GRP78 level (> mean [184.8 pg/mL] plus two SD [23.2 pg/mL] of GRP78 from healthy participants) was 87.5% and 45.8% in the CAM group and COVID-19 controls, respectively. Serum GRP78 level was independently associated with CAM (odds ratio 1.011; 95% confidence interval [1.002–1.019]) after adjusting for diabetes mellitus and hypoxemia during acute COVID-19. Conclusion Serum GRP78 levels were significantly higher in CAM than in COVID-19 controls. Further studies are required to the role of GRP78 in the pathogenesis of CAM. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11046-022-00645-6.

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“…To overcome the lack of awareness and address the knowledge deficit in CAPM, a Delphi consensus statement was recently framed under the aegis of the Academy of Pulmonary Sciences and Fungal infection Study Forum, India. The Delphi panel proposed definitions for CAPM, recommended early bronchoscopy for diagnosis, and combined medical-surgical therapy to improve outcomes in this often missed but potentially life-threatening entity [10].…”

Section: Sirmentioning

confidence: 99%